Sweden, 145 _sq._; the burning of Judas in Bohemia, 146. § 3. _The Beltane Fires_, pp. 146-160.--The Beltane fires on the first of May in the Highlands of Scotland, 146-154; John Ramsay of Ochtertyre, his description of the Beltane fires and cakes and the Beltane carline, 146-149; Beltane fires and cakes in Perthshire, 150-153; Beltane fires in the north-east of Scotland to burn the witches, 153 _sq._; Beltane fires and cakes in the Hebrides, 154; Beltane fires and cakes in Wales, 155-157; in the Isle of Man to burn the witches, 157; in Nottinghamshire, 157; in Ireland, 157-159; fires on the Eve of May Day in Sweden, 159; in Austria and Saxony to burn the witches, 159 _sq._ § 4. _The Midsummer Fires_, pp. 160-219.--The great season for fire-festivals in Europe is Midsummer Eve or Midsummer Day, which the church has dedicated to St. John the Baptist, 160 _sq._; the bonfires, the torches, and the burning wheels of the festival, 161; Thomas Kirchmeyer's description of the Midsummer festival, 162 _sq._; the Midsummer fires in Germany, 163-171; burning wheel rolled down hill at Konz on the Moselle, 163 _sq._; Midsummer fires in Bavaria, 164-166; in Swabia, 166 _sq._; in Baden, 167-169; in Alsace, Lorraine, the Eifel, the Harz district, and Thuringia, 169; Midsummer fires kindled by the friction of wood, 169 _sq._; driving away the witches and demons, 170; Midsummer fires in Silesia, scaring away the witches, 170 _sq._; Midsummer fires in Denmark and Norway, keeping off the witches, 171; Midsummer fires in Sweden, 172; Midsummer fires in Switzerland and Austria, 172 _sq._; in Bohemia, 173-175; in Moravia, Austrian Silesia, and the district of Cracow, 175; among the Slavs of Russia, 176; in Prussia and Lithuania as a protection against witchcraft, thunder, hail, and cattle disease, 176 _sq._; in Masuren the fire is kindled by the revolution of a wheel, 177; Midsummer fires among the Letts of Russia, 177 _sq._; among the South Slavs, 178; among the Magyars, 178 _sq._; among the Esthonians, 179 _sq._; among the Finns and Cheremiss of Russia, 180 _sq._; in France, 181-194; Bossuet on the Midsummer festival, 182; the Midsummer fires in Brittany, 183-185; in Normandy, the Brotherhood of the Green Wolf at Jumièges, 185 _sq._; Midsummer fires in Picardy, 187 _sq._; in Beauce and Perche, 188; the fires a protection against witchcraft, 188; the Midsummer fires in the Ardennes, the Vosges, and the Jura, 188 _sq._; in Franche-Comté, 189; in Berry and other parts of Central France, 189 _sq._; in Poitou, 190 _sq._; in the departments of Vienne and Deux-Sèvres and in the provinces of Saintonge and Aunis, 191 _sq._; in Southern France, 192 _sq._; Midsummer festival of fire and water in Provence, 193 _sq._; Midsummer fires in Belgium, 194-196; in England, 196-200; Stow's description of the Midsummer fires in London, 196 _sq._; John Aubrey on the Midsummer fires, 197; Midsummer fires in Cumberland, Northumberland, and Yorkshire, 197 _sq._; in