[Illustration: Department of the Interior · March 3, 1849] UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Stewart L. Udall, _Secretary_ NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Conrad L. Wirth, _Director_ _HISTORICAL HANDBOOK NUMBER TWENTY-THREE_ This publication is one of a series of handbooks describing the historical and archeological areas in the National Park System administered by the National Park Service of the United States Department of the Interior. It is printed by the Government Printing Office and may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price 25 cents. Bandelier NATIONAL MONUMENT NEW MEXICO by Kittridge A. Wing [Illustration: Decorated pottery] NATIONAL PARK SERVICE HISTORICAL HANDBOOK SERIES No. 23 Washington, D. C., 1955 _Reprint 1961_ _The National Park System, of which Bandelier National Monument is a unit, is dedicated to conserving the scenic, scientific, and historic heritage of the United States for the benefit and enjoyment of its people._ [Illustration: National Park Service · Department of the Interior] _Contents_ _Page_ THE RUINS: THEIR TYPES AND EXTENT 2 PRINCIPAL RUINS OF THE NATIONAL MONUMENT 8 Tyuonyi 8 Talus House 10 Long House 11 Kivas 12 Ceremonial Cave 12 Stone Lions 14 Painted Cave 14 Otowi 16 Tsankawi 17 ORIGINS OF THE PEOPLE 17 Work of the Archeologists 17 The Basketmakers and the Developmental Pueblo Period 18 Great Pueblo Period 22 Drought and Migrations 23 Late Pueblo Period 24 LIFE OF THE EARLY PEOPLE AT BANDELIER 24 Food 24