Igqira Elokuqapula. Amagqira Awokuqapula. Uku-qapula, means to inoculate or to let blood. These Kaffir specialists show a considerable surgical skill. They are called in for all surgical complaints. In most cases the surgeon exhibits internal as well as external remedies, using purgatives and emetics freely to assist healing and relieve pain. Blood-letting, as his name implies, is frequently had resort to by the native surgeon. Thus, I know of a case where one of these Awokuqapula on his own initiative incised the temporal artery for persistent neuralgia. Blood-letting by means of incisions or scarifications is frequently used to relieve deep seated pain. A common method of treating pleuritic pain is to scarify over the ribs and rub in some irritant. The native Surgeon, whether taught by outside practice or not, it is hard to say, resorts to venesection as one of his routine methods of treatment for violent fevers. He usually selects one of the veins of the forearm, using direct pressure to stop the hæmorrhage when he considers that his patient has lost enough. A cupping instrument called “Luneka” and needles “Izinthlum” are used by the Kaffir Surgeon for acupuncture and bleeding in such cases as snake bite, pleurisy, etc. Surgical cases of any degree are put in clean huts and usually on the top of a hill, thus shewing that the Kaffir appreciates the value of fresh, clean surroundings: and the ashes of plants (carbon) used for wounds shows a spontaneous knowledge, that an antiseptic is of value in assisting healing. C. THE HERB DOCTOR (Physician). Igqira elemiciza. Amagqira awemiciza. (The doctor, who is of herbs.) The herb doctor is simply a Kaffir practitioner and differs in no essential respect from the European “herbalist,” only, he employs South African herbs and drugs. Some of them devote their attention to one disease or to some small group of maladies, and by close observation and long experience, as also by benefitting by transmitted and traditional knowledge, they acquire fame as specialists and experts in the cure of disease; and people send for them, or go to them from great distances, and often reward them very liberally if they be successful. It is not uncommon for the isanuse (witch doctor) to practice also as an igqira elemicisa (herb doctor). As a witch doctor he administers emetics (see later) which have no relation to the healing art, but as a herb doctor he acts on the same principles as the others do and may be skilful as such. He is at any rate not more grossly inconsistent than the Roman augurs were. D. THE RAIN DOCTOR. Igqira elesebe. The term elesebe (who is of isebe) is derived from “isebe” a bird, this bird being the being from which the doctor is supposed to receive the rain.