Barium: A Cause of the Loco-Weed DiseaseCrawford, Albert C. (Albert Cornelius)
Science
Barium: A Cause of the Loco-Weed Disease
Crawford, Albert C. (Albert Cornelius)
Astragalus earlei; Barium
An albuminoid which was obtained by precipitating a concentrated aqueous
extract of _Astragalus mollissimus_ by means of alcohol likewise was
found to be inactive to a kitten in doses corresponding to 50 grams of
the crude plant. A globulin which was isolated by precipitation from a
10 per cent sodium chlorid solution proved also to be inactive in doses
of 0.2 gram. They then extracted 3 kilograms of these plants with 1/2
per cent sulphuric acid, and after evaporation to a thick gum the mass
was extracted with strong alcohol, the alcoholic solution was
evaporated, and the alcoholic residue taken up in water and precipitated
by neutral and basic lead acetates, and after removing the lead with
sulphureted hydrogen the filtrate gave precipitates with various
alkaloidal reagents. The sirupy residue which they obtained from
_Astragalus mollissimus_ by decomposing the precipitate with Mayer's
solution administered to kittens in doses of 0.1 gram produced merely
frothing at the mouth with profuse flow of saliva, but the animals soon
recovered. The presence of a large amount of calcium was shown but not
estimated quantitatively.
Power and Cambier summed up their conclusions by stating that both the
Astragalus and the Crotalaria contain very small amounts of toxic
alkaloids, to which they believe the symptoms of poisoning produced were
due. Their work from a chemical standpoint is excellent, but from a
pharmacological point of view seems to be deficient; in fact, Power does
not claim to be a pharmacologist. What would seem to be the proper
course would have been to test for themselves the action of the plant
on various animals and, after deciding which reacted most
characteristically, test, after various precipitations, both the
precipitates and filtrates on various animals to see whether the
original symptoms and pathological lesions could be produced. They
failed, however, to test their mother substance. It is well recognized
that plants grown under varying conditions and on different soils vary
in the amount of the physiologically active principle they contain.
In the case of Crotalaria, Power and Cambier had before them the
experiment of Stalker, in which he reproduced the disorder by feeding
the plant extract to horses, yet they claimed that the body which they
administered was the active principle, merely because it produced some
frothing at the mouth and salivation in a kitten. The percentage of
active principle they found would be too small to account for the
symptoms, except in the case of a very active compound.
Certain of these precipitates were also later examined physiologically
by O'Brine.[111] He also found the resin precipitated from an alcoholic
extract of the plant and also the alcoholic extract from 2.2 pounds of
the dried _Astragalus mollissimus_ to be physiologically inactive.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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