Barium: A Cause of the Loco-Weed DiseaseCrawford, Albert C. (Albert Cornelius)
Science
Barium: A Cause of the Loco-Weed Disease
Crawford, Albert C. (Albert Cornelius)
Astragalus earlei; Barium
On October 24, 1907, a rabbit weighing 1,346.5 grams was fed with a
solution of 25 milligrams of crystallized barium acetate. On the next
day the weight was 1,318 grams, and the dose was repeated. On October 26
it weighed 1,275.7 grams, and the dose was repeated; on October 30 it
weighed 1,332 grams, and on October 31 its weight was 1,375 grams. The
animal died at night on November 6; weight, 1,134 grams. The post-mortem
examination, made with Dr. Meade Bolton, of the Bureau of Animal
Industry, was negative save for the presence of necrotic tissue in one
enlarged thyroid.
On October 24, 1907, a rabbit weighing 1,332 grams was fed with a
solution of 25 milligrams of crystallized barium acetate. On the next
day the animal weighed the same, and the dose was repeated. On October
26 it weighed 1,289 grams, and the same amount of barium was given. On
October 28 the weight was 1,219 grams and two days later 1,289 grams.
On October 31, 1907, a rabbit weighing 723 grams was fed with a solution
of 25 milligrams of barium acetate. This rabbit was fed in all nine
times during a period of ten days. At the end of this time it weighed
779 grams and died six days later, weighing 723 grams. The post-mortem
was negative.
A rabbit weighing 779 grams was also fed on October 31, 1907, with a
similar amount of barium. This dose was repeated six times during an
interval of eight days. At the end of that time the animal still
retained its normal weight. On November 14, 1907, it weighed 709 grams,
having lost 70 grams. Thus after daily doses of 0.1 gram of crystallized
barium acetate no symptoms appeared until the fifth day, when death
resulted. After the similar administration of 50 milligrams severe
symptoms developed on the same day, but the animal recovered. After the
administration of 25 milligrams on three successive days the animal
died. In other cases of feeding 25 milligrams for several successive
days, some lost weight and died; others merely lost in weight, but
recovered.
Bary fed a rabbit weighing 0.9 kilogram a solution of 30 milligrams of
barium chlorid on one day, on the second day 90 milligrams, and on the
third day 30 milligrams. The only symptom noted was diarrhea. The animal
died on the fifth day. In other words, after feeding small doses of
barium salts for several days acute symptoms suddenly set in, showing a
cumulative action. This cumulative action has been noted on man.[193]
Onsum[194] fed a medium-sized rabbit daily with small doses of barium
carbonate, beginning with 20 milligrams. When the total amount reached
0.19 grams the rabbit died. The animal before death showed paralysis,
respiratory disturbances, and fall in temperature. The sensibility of
the cornea diminished, but the pupils responded to light. The stomach
walls showed ecchymoses and the blood vessels of the brain, the spinal
cord, and the abdominal vessels were dilated. Emboli in the pulmonary
arteries were also noted.
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