Barium: A Cause of the Loco-Weed DiseaseCrawford, Albert C. (Albert Cornelius)
Science
Barium: A Cause of the Loco-Weed Disease
Crawford, Albert C. (Albert Cornelius)
Astragalus earlei; Barium
On October 21, 1907, a rabbit weighing 1,531 grams was fed with an
extract of 95 grams of dried _Aragallus lamberti_ (Hugo, Colo., 1907),
with an ash content of 12.44 per cent, with a barium content estimated
as 2.6 milligrams of BaSO_{4} in 1 gram of ash. On the following day it
weighed 1,517 grams, and the same dose was again administered. On
October 23 the weight was 1,488 grams, and the dose was repeated. On the
next day the weight was the same and the dose was repeated. On October
26 the weight was 1,446 grams, and again the same extract was given. On
October 30 the animal weighed 1,502.5 grams; on October 31, 1,531 grams.
The animal received a total extract of 475 grams of the dried plant
without serious injury. This result was apparently contradictory to the
earlier work.
On October 21, 1907, a rabbit weighing 1,743 grams was fed with an
extract of 47.5 grams of the same dried plant. On the next day its
weight was 1,729 grams, and the same amount of the extract was fed. On
October 23 the weight remained the same, and the dose was repeated. On
October 24 the weight was 1,658 grams, and the same amount of extract
was fed. On October 26 the animal weighed 1,630 grams, when it was again
fed with the same amount of extract. On October 28 the animal weighed
1,573.5 grams, but two days later the weight had risen to 1,644 grams.
An extract of 237.5 grams had been administered. Here again the results
appeared contradictory.
On October 21, 1907, a rabbit weighing 1,517 grams was fed with an
extract of 77.5 grams. On the next day it weighed 1,545 grams, and the
dose was repeated. On October 23 the animal weighed 1,531 grams, and the
same amount of extract was given. On the following day it weighed 1,488
grams, and the dose was repeated. On October 26 it weighed 1,474 grams,
and again the dose was repeated. On October 30 the weight had risen to
1,545 grams, and on October 31 it was 1,559 grams. This animal received
in all an extract of 387.5 grams of the dried plant. An aqueous extract
of 200 grams of the same in one dose also failed to produce the acute
symptoms.
These feeding experiments show little of the characteristic action seen
in the earlier experiments made with aqueous extracts either of the dry
plant or of the fresh plant preserved with chloroform. In other words,
the aqueous extract of the dried plant was only slightly poisonous, yet
the plant from which the extract was made contained barium.
Of this same dried loco 200 grams were then extracted with water and
digested with pepsin and finally with pancreatin in the thermostat
(37.5°C.). The extract was concentrated and fed to a rabbit weighing
1,616 grams. After five hours and ten minutes the animal appeared weak
in the fore legs and unable to support himself, and he died during the
night. The intestines the following morning were found full of gas, the
stomach red, the lungs seemed normal, and the heart was relaxed.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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