Barotseland : $b eight years among the BarotseStirke, D. E. C.
History
Barotseland : $b eight years among the Barotse
Stirke, D. E. C.
Western Province (Zambia)
Allied to Siluyi apparently, is the _Nyengo_ language of the Bampukushu
people, a scattered tribe living still (perhaps) in the South-Western
portion of Barotseland, on the banks of the Kwando or Linyanti river.
There has been no record of this speech since that which was compiled by
Livingston about 1853, and which I have reproduced (numbered 82) in my
_Comparative Study of the Bantu Languages_.
Still farther south, in the northern part of the basin of Lake Ngami,
there were, down to quite recently, the _Ba-yeye_ or _Makoba_ people,
whose language also seemed to show kinship with Luyi as well as with
the Subia-Tonga group. The imperfect record of this is numbered 81 in
my book. It may be extinct as a spoken tongue by now. But its existence
where it last lingered on the northern side of Lake Ngami would seem to
show that this basin of the shrinking lake (which received a vast but
diminishing tribute of water from the Okavango river, and earlier still
from the present “Upper Zambezi”) was colonized by the Bantu from the
north before it was found and peopled by the Bechuana tribes from the
south-east.
So much does Sikwangwa differ from Siluyi nowadays, that it is almost
a separate language. If this be so, the Western Zambezi group of my
formation would contain at least four languages, _Yeye_, _Nyengo_, _Luyi_
and _Sikwangwa_. I am also informed that Sikwangwa is not the only
existing dialect of Luyi, but that two others exist, and are spoken to
the North-West and North-East of Lialui and the Zambezi: _Si-koma_ and
_Si-kwandi_. These have only been recorded in name, and I have seen no
specimens of their vocabularies. It would be interesting to ascertain
whether, like Luyi, they retain the use of preprefixes; or whether they
have dropped them, as have most of the languages in the western half of
the Zambezi basin.
There is a tendency in Siluyi for _b_ and _p_ to take the place of _v_
or _f_ as the initial of the root, although in the prefixes _b_ and _p_
are inclined to drop out: so that _Aba_- becomes _Aa_-; _Ibi_-, _I_;
Ubu-, Uu-; and Apa-, Aba-. Thus we have -_pumo_ for “belly,” instead of
the familiar -_fumo_; -_bumu_ for “chief,” in place of -_fumu_; -_pumbu_
for “ground” (ordinarily -_vu_) -_buu_ for “hippopotamus” (-_vubu_),
-_bula_ for “rain” (-_vula_); and -_pi_ for “war” (-_vita_). The roots
for the numerals “six,” “seven,” “eight” and “nine” were in Livingstone’s
day, very peculiar and unlike those of any other Bantu tongue; though
to-day they are supplemented by paraphrases meaning “five-and-one,”
“five-and-two,” etc.
The Rev. Mr. Jacottet has shown how rich Siluyi was in folk-lore and
legends. It is a great pity this particularly interesting, expressive
Bantu tongue should be allowed to die out through the vogue given to the
artificial amalgam of speech known as Sikololo.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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