Barotseland : $b eight years among the BarotseStirke, D. E. C.
History
Barotseland : $b eight years among the Barotse
Stirke, D. E. C.
Western Province (Zambia)
The _Luena_ or _Lubale_ language only enters the north-western part of
Barotseland; _Mbunda_ is spoken in separate parts on either side of
the Upper Zambezi, also in the north of this state; _Lujazi_ extends
from South-East Angola to the western limits of Barotse territory; and
Chokwe comes in as a trading language in the extreme north. None of these
North-West Zambezia languages use preprefixes.
One other great Bantu Group may be met with in the northern part of
Barotseland. Here there are outlying dialects of Luba and Lunda which
have penetrated into Barotseland comparatively recently. The Luba tongues
of South Congoland are represented by _Kahonde_, a form of South Luba
illustrated in my Comparative Study under the designation of 105a. This
is spoken on the North-Eastern verge of Barotseland in the basin of
the Upper Kabompo river. Southern Lunda, introduced into the northern
part of this territory goes under the name of “_Ma-bunda_,” the root of
which—_bunda_—is the same as that of “Mbunda,” a quite distinct language
of the North-West Zambezia Group allied to Luena, Lujazi, Nkoya, and
Chokwe. “Bunda” is evidently a language and tribal name which in the
shapes of -_bundu_, -_bundo_, and -_bunda_ haunts Angola and Western
Zambezia without implying close relationship between the different forms
of speech thus termed. The “Ma-bunda” dialect of Lunda may represent
an older form of the latter name, which seems to be a contraction of
Lu-unda for Lu-bunda. The language (No. 111) which I have styled “Western
Lunda” in my Comparative Study was originally called by its discoverer,
the Revd. S. Koelle, “Ru-unda,” suggesting that _Ru_- (= _Lu_-) was the
familiar language prefix and -_unda_ or -_bunda_ the root. The loss of an
initial _b_ is a frequent occurrence in the Lunda languages.
* * * * *
The distribution of tongues southward from Angola and the Congo Basin
over the regions north of the main Zambezi river indicates no causes of
hesitancy, no interruptions in the north-to-south progress of the Bantu
peoples. But westward of the course of the Luangwa river, as far as the
Barotse country extends, or at any rate as far as the main stream of the
Zambezi flows, this great river seems to have been a very decided and
arresting barrier in the distribution not only of African tribes and
languages but of the larger or more remarkable mammals and birds.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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