[Illustration: EUGÈNE SCRIBE] BATAILLE DE DAMES PAR SCRIBE ET LEGOUVÉ _WITH INTRODUCTION, NOTES, AND VOCABULARY_ BY BENJ. W. WELLS, PH.D. (HARV.) FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF MODERN LANGUAGES, UNIVERSITY OF THE SOUTH. INTRODUCTION "BATAILLE DE DAMES" bears on its title-page the names of two authors, Scribe and Legouvé; and as we can determine the nature of their collaboration from internal evidence alone, it is necessary to examine somewhat the works and characteristics of each. Eugène Scribe[A] was the most prolific, probably the most popular, and proportionally the most wealthy, playwright of French literary history. He was born on Christmas Eve, 1791, and died on the 20th of February, 1861. He lost both parents in early years, and for a time pretended to study law in Paris; but before he was twenty his dramatic vocation had declared itself unmistakably, though his first comedy, "Les Dervis" (1811), and indeed the dozen that followed it, were unmistakable failures. His mind seemed to flow naturally into all the lighter forms of drama, and at last, after five years, success crowned his perseverance in "L'Auberge;" and "Une Nuit de la garde nationale" gave him notoriety and even a sort of fame, just as the Restoration inaugurated that period of social lassitude so favorable to the recognition of his peculiar talent; for during his whole career he was an amuser far more than an instructor. He took the vaudeville[B], as it had been developed during the eighteenth century by Le Sage, Regnard, Piron, Marmontel, and even J.-J. Rousseau, and gave it a body and a living interest, till it became the _comédie-vaudeville_, and then, discarding even the little snatches of song, the _couplets_ that still marked its origin, spread its butterfly wings as the modern comedy of intrigue. Scribe's course was now an uninterrupted triumph. During the whole Bourbon and Orleanist period he was first, with no second, in light comedy. Beginning at the humble Théâtre du Vaudeville and the Variétés, he passed in 1820 to the newly founded Gymnase, for which he wrote one hundred and fifty little pieces, of which the most significant are "La Demoiselle à marier," "La Chanoinesse," "Le Colonel," "Zoé, ou l'amant prêté," and "Le Plus beau jour de ma vie," the last two familiar to us as "The Loan of a Lover" and "The Happiest Day of My Life." Most of these pieces were written in collaboration with various dramatists, of whom the least forgotten are Saintine, Bayard, and Saint-Georges, men of whom it is quite pardonable to be ignorant. It is, therefore, reasonable to infer that the essential dramatic element in them is due to Scribe alone; and indeed one sees that, while all are slight in conception, they are all ingenious and amusing in intrigue.