United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns
The three weeks intervening between the battles of Cedar Mountain and
Second Bull Run were spent in heavy skirmishing and getting position
for a decisive battle. General Pope's headquarters was at Culpeper
Court House, but he had left much of his personal baggage and private
papers at Catlett's Station, on the Orange and Alexandria railroad,
while his vast store of supplies was at Manassas Junction.
Pope was expecting to be reënforced by McClellan, but they had not yet
arrived. Meanwhile Lee had sent Longstreet with his corps to reënforce
Jackson, and followed up later himself. Longstreet reached Gordonsville
on the 13th day of August.
Lee observed that Pope's position was weak at Culpeper and determined
to attack him without delay and gave orders for his army to cross the
Rapidan. Pope knew that his position at Culpeper was weak and fell back
to a stronger position behind the Rappahannock.
Lee hoped to attack the Army of Virginia before it could be reënforced
by McClellan, but, on account of heavy rains, which raised the streams,
he was somewhat delayed until Pope had been reënforced by a part of
Burnside's corps, under General Reno, and later was also reënforced by
Generals Kearny and Reynolds with their divisions of the Army of the
Potomac.
Lee sent the dauntless cavalry leader J. E. B. Stuart to make a raid
around the Union army. Stuart crossed the Rappahannock with 1,500
mounted men, as bold as himself. After riding all day, and on the night
of the 22d, in the midst of a torrential rainstorm, while the darkness
was so intense that every man was guided by the tread of his brother
horseman, Stuart fell upon the Federals at Catlett's Station, capturing
200 prisoners and scattering the remaining troops in the darkness.
He seized Pope's dispatch-book, with his plans and private papers,
took several hundred horses and destroyed a large number of wagons
loaded with supplies. Among his trophies was a fine uniform cloak and
hat, which were the personal belongings of General Pope. These were
exchanged later for General Stuart's plumed hat, which he had left
behind when surprised by a party of Federals.
Stuart's raid proved a serious misfortune for Pope's army. But Lee had
far greater things in store. He resolved to send Jackson to Pope's rear
with a large force, Jackson led his army westward, which was shielded
by woods and low hills of the Blue Ridge. He passed through a quiet
rural community. The majority of the country folk had never seen an
army before, though it is true that for many days they had heard the
roar of the cannon from the valley of the Rapidan.
General Lee, in the meantime, had kept Longstreet in front of Pope's
army to make daily demonstrations, to divert Pope's attention from
Jackson's movements and lead him to believe that he was to be attacked
in front.
Jackson suddenly, on August 26th, emerged from the Bull Run Mountains
and marshaled his clans on the plains of Manassas.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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