United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns
Hunter's main army finally reached the vicinity of Lynchburg on the
17th day of June, after fighting a battle with Imboden and McCausland
a few miles away from Lynchburg, the Confederates falling back within
the breastworks which they had hastily thrown up. The city was defended
by a portion of Breckinridge's division, but their numbers were far
inferior to that of the Federals, who had by this time arrived before
the city. Hunter halted his army and brought up his artillery and did
some cannonading, but went into camp with the expectation of taking
the city without much opposition the next morning. It is thought that
he could have easily taken the city on the evening of his arrival,
but during the night General Gordon arrived with his division and the
Confederates were reënforced by other arrivals next morning from the
army of General Early, then on its way to the Shenandoah Valley. On the
morning of the 18th General Hunter found Lynchburg full of Confederate
soldiers, and more arriving on every train, which on the arrival the
bands playing could plainly be heard by the Federal soldiers as they
came upon the field. Hunter soon found, in his opinion, the capture
of Lynchburg an impossibility, and his raid was to terminate in a
dismal failure. During the 18th there was some cannonading and several
skirmishes between the cavalry of the two contending armies.
On the night of the 19th he broke camp and marched away to the
westward. Why he retreated without giving battle was not understood.
General Gordon said that in his opinion that conscience was harrowing
General Hunter and causing him to see an avenger wrapped in every gray
jacket before him. The Confederates took up the pursuit of Hunter's
retreating army, but Hunter succeeded in getting back across the
mountains into western Virginia, after hard marches over mountain roads
with little or no supplies for his army, and with a large amount of
straggling.
General Lee dispatched General Early with an army of 20,000 men to
threaten Washington, in the hope of drawing part of Grant's army away
from before Richmond. Early was to go by the way of Shenandoah Valley.
This route was given him partly in order to help defend Lynchburg and
to get supplies for his army in the valley. He reached Winchester on
the 3d of July, and moved rapidly down the valley and crossed into
Maryland, and was at Hagerstown on the 6th. He turned about and moved
boldly upon Washington. He met and defeated General Wallace on the
Monocacy on July 9th, and on the next day he was within six miles of
the capitol at Washington. An immediate assault might have given him
possession of the city, which was weakly defended, but he delayed for
a day, and in the meantime two divisions under General Wright from
Grant's army from before Petersburg arrived and Early was forced to
retreat, after spending the 12th in threatening the city. This was
considered one of the boldest raids of the entire war.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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