Procession of the Sacred Bull Apis-Osiris _After the painting by E.F. Bridgman_. Driving Sacrificial Victims into the Fiery Mouth of Baal _After the painting by Henri Motte_. Apollo Belvedere _From a photograph of the statue in the Vatican, Rome._ Confucian Temple, Forbidden City, Pekin _From a photograph_. The School of Plato _After the painting by O. Knille_. Socrates Instructing Alcibiades _After the painting by H.F. Schopin_. Socrates _From the bust in the National Museum, Naples_. Pericles and Aspasia in the Studio of Phidias _After the painting by Hector Le Roux_. Zeuxis Choosing Models from among the Beauties of Kroton for his Picture of Helen _After the painting by E. Pagliano_. Homer _From the bust in the National Museum, Naples_. Demosthenes _From the statue in the Vatican, Rome_. ANCIENT RELIGIONS: EGYPTIAN, ASSYRIAN, BABYLONIAN, AND PERSIAN. BEACON LIGHTS OF HISTORY. ANCIENT RELIGIONS: EGYPTIAN, ASSYRIAN, BABYLONIAN, AND PERSIAN. It is my object in this book on the old Pagan civilizations to present the salient points only, since an exhaustive work is impossible within the limits of these volumes. The practical end which I have in view is to collate a sufficient number of acknowledged facts from which to draw sound inferences in reference to the progress of the human race, and the comparative welfare of nations in ancient and modern times. The first inquiry we naturally make is in regard to the various religious systems which were accepted by the ancient nations, since religion, in some form or other, is the most universal of institutions, and has had the earliest and the greatest influence on the condition and life of peoples--that is to say, on their civilizations--in every period of the world. And, necessarily, considering what is the object in religion, when we undertake to examine any particular form of it which has obtained among any people or at any period of time, we must ask, How far did its priests and sages teach exalted ideas of Deity, of the soul, and of immortality? How far did they arrive at lofty and immutable principles of morality? How far did religion, such as was taught, practically affect the lives of those who professed it, and lead them to just and reasonable treatment of one another, or to holy contemplation, or noble deeds, or sublime repose in anticipation of a higher and endless life? And how did the various religions compare with what we believe to be the true religion--Christianity--in its pure and ennobling truths, its inspiring promises, and its quiet influence in changing and developing character?