As soon as a worker grub leaves the cell it enters upon its life
of labour. It is immature at this point, and as the air-organs, or
tracheæ, are not fully developed, it cannot fly. Its first work,
therefore, is that of "nurse" to the grubs still in the cells, and to
supply the queen with "chyle" food. About a fortnight after leaving the
cell, the young bee, if the weather be fine and warm, will venture out
of the hive to try its wings, and on early spring days such numbers of
them may be seen sporting near the entrance of the hive as to lead a
novice to suppose that swarming was about to take place. The bee-keeper
of experience, however, while rejoicing at the sight, will know that
the exodus is partly due to the fact that some natural or artificial
food has entered the hive and that more must be supplied for the needs
of the inmates.
After the worker's trial flight, she proceeds upon her duties as a food
supplier to the community. She has had some experience as a "nurse"
in handling pollen, so that at first it seems but natural she should
give most attention to that food, and, in cleaning her body from its
clinging particles, she finds out the uses of her several organs. In
the beginning her loads of pollen are often small, but with experience
her carrying capacity soon finds its limit. In time she discovers
nectar in the flowers, and as she becomes less able to gather pollen
she increases her honey-collecting power. When nectar is abundant bees
will often commence their work at sunrise and continue throughout
the day until sunset. In such a "honey-flow" the average life of the
worker from the time she leaves the cell is seldom more than six or
eight weeks, every minute of which is given up to the communal labour.
The whole of the work inside the hive depends upon the worker--she
is architect, builder, caretaker, nurse, sanitary officer and the
rest; there is method in everything she does, so it is inadvisable to
interfere unnecessarily with any part of it. She objects strongly to
undue interference, to mere curiosity of inquisitive humans. The worker
bees are, indeed, wondrous creatures: they are known to have their
feelings of friendship and dislike almost human in their intensity;
their expressions of sorrow on the loss of their queen or when their
stores are failing are as unmistakable as their hum of contentment when
the hive is thriving, or the buzz of anger when rudely-disturbed.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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