CHAPTER IX—Beer brewing a benefit to farmers, 101 CHAPTER X—Prohibitory laws and their effects, 108 CHAPTER XI—What authorities say, 128 CHAPTER XII—Conclusion, 151 APPENDIX A—Total production and consumption of Beer in various countries and cities, 166 “ B—Analyses of Beers, 170 “ C—Illustrations and descriptions of Breweries, 177 “ D—List of Brewers, with product for the past two years, also product by states, 185 ILLUSTRATIONS. 1. JACOB VAN ARTEVELDE, “Brewer of Ghent,” Patrician, Orator and Ruler of the Province of Flanders. Killed July 17, 1345. Taken from the original oil painting in possession of Jan Van Artevelde, in Amsterdam. 2. MYNHER JACOBUS, Brewer and First Burgomaster of New Amsterdam [the present New York], 1644. 3. WILLIAM PENN, the Quaker Brewer, and Founder of Pennsylvania, 1644-1718. 4. ISRAEL PUTNAM, the great American General, Brewer and Tavern Keeper, at Brooklyn Conn., 1718-1790. 5. Sign of General Putnam’s Tavern in Brooklyn, Conn. (Original of which is now in the Rooms of the Historical Society, at Hartford, Conn.) 6. Portraits of the officers of the United States Brewers’ Association. 7. Portrait of Hon. Frederick Lauer of Reading, Pa. 8. Portrait of Hon. M. T. Bass, M. P., of Burton on Trent. 9. View of a Brewery of the old Egyptians, as described by Manathos (3d century B. C.), High Priest in Heliopolis. (Said Brewery must have stood at El Kahirch, the present Cairo.) 10. View of a Brewery connected with a convent in Bohemia, as described by Thaddeus Hagecius, ab Hayek, 1585, in his book written in Latin, under the title “De Cerevisia.” 11. William Penn’s House and Brewery in Pennsbury, Bucks County, Pa. 12. Brewery of the Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company, Milwaukee, Wis. 13. Brewery of the Hon. Frederick Lauer, Reading, Pa. 14. Brewery of the Hon. Gottfried Krueger, Newark, N. J. PREFACE.