On Plate V. is shown an illustration of the worker bee, which is the smallest inhabitant of the hive, but, nevertheless, does the greatest amount of work. We have already seen that there are many thousands of workers in a hive, and that each one has certain duties assigned to her. All are busy, and they work as though the future of the whole hive depended on their labours--as indeed it does. Each worker seems to be trying to outdo the others, in the endeavour to see how much work she can crowd into her little life. Laziness is unknown, and should a bee become so badly injured from any cause as not to be able to work, she is put to death, for the government of the bee-city has plenty of mouths to fill, without any useless ones. To us this may seem cruel, but we must admit that it is economical. The duties of the workers are numerous. There are the water carriers, to supply the hive with water; the nurse bees, to look after the young ones; the foragers, who gather nectar and pollen. Then there are the builders, architects, undertakers, scavengers, chemists, and soldiers. Lastly there are the house bees and the ventilating bees. Each bee is allocated to one or another of these trades, and each one seems to know exactly how to do the work, and always seems to be doing it! There is no quarrelling as to who shall gather pollen, or who shall guard the city, for all is arranged by some mysterious law. CHAPTER V THE MICROSCOPE By the aid of a wonderful instrument called the Microscope we are able to learn a good deal about the construction of the different parts of the bee’s body. A microscope, as perhaps you already know, is a sort of strong magnifying glass, being something like a telescope, but on a smaller scale altogether. You may see an illustration of a microscope in (_a_) Plate VI. The tube of the microscope is generally about six or eight inches in length, made of metal and holding two sets of lenses. The one through which we look is at the top of the tube, and is called the eyepiece. The lens at the bottom is called the objective, for it is the lens that is nearest to the object that is to be examined. If you have a microscope of your own, or know any one who has one, you will be able to see for yourselves many of the things about which I am going to tell you. For the sake of convenience the parts of insects to be examined in the microscope are generally mounted on little slips of glass, and if you place a dead bee on a piece of glass, you will find that it is more easily handled in this manner. Some of you, however, may not have this opportunity, and so I have photographed several different parts of the bee, by the aid of the microscope, so that you will be able to understand what you will read about them. [Illustration: PLATE VI (_a_) From a photograph by] [E. Hawks A Microscope (_b_) From a photo-micrograph by] [E. Hawks Head of Bee]