A bud in the axil of a leaf is an =axillary= or =lateral= bud. Note that there is normally at least one bud in the axil of every leaf on a tree or shrub in late summer and fall. The axillary buds, if they grow, are the _starting points of new shoots the following season_. If a leaf is pulled off early in summer, what will become of the young bud in its axil? Try this. [Illustration: FIG. 141.—A GIGANTIC BUD.—Cabbage.] _Bulbs and cabbage heads may be likened to buds_; that is, they are condensed stems, with scales or modified leaves densely overlapping and forming a rounded body (Fig. 141). They differ from true buds, however, in the fact that they are condensations of whole main stems rather than embryo stems borne in the axils of leaves. But bulblets (as of tiger lily) may be scarcely distinguishable from buds on the one hand and from bulbs on the other. Cut a cabbage head in two, lengthwise, and see what it is like. [Illustration: FIG. 142.—FRUIT-BUD OF PEAR.] [Illustration: FIG. 143.—THE OPENING OF THE PEAR FRUIT-BUD.] The buds that appear on roots are unusual or abnormal,—they occur only occasionally and in no definite order. Buds appearing in unusual places on any part of the plant are called =adventitious buds=. Such usually are the buds that arise when a large limb is cut off, and from which suckers or water-sprouts arise. [Illustration: FIG. 144.—OPENING PEAR LEAF-BUD.] =How Buds Open.=—_When the bud swells, the scales are pushed apart, the little axis elongates and pushes out._ In most plants the outside scales fall very soon, _leaving a little ring of scars_. With terminal buds, this ring marks the end of the year’s growth. How? Notice peach, apple, plum, willow, and other plants. In some others, all the scales grow for a time, as in the pear (Figs. 142, 143, 144). In other plants the inner bud scales become green and almost leaf-like. See the maple and hickory. [Illustration: FIG. 145.—OPENING OF THE PEAR-BUD.] =Sometimes Flowers come out of the Buds.=—Leaves may or may not accompany the flowers. We saw the embryo flowers in Fig. 138. The bud is shown again in Fig. 142. In Fig. 143 it is opening. In Fig. 145 it is more advanced, and the woolly unformed flowers are appearing. In Fig. 146 the growth is more advanced. [Illustration: FIG. 146.—A SINGLE FLOWER IN THE PEAR CLUSTER, as seen at 7 A.M. on the day of its opening. At 10 o’clock it will be fully expanded.] [Illustration: FIG. 147.—THE OPENING OF THE FLOWER-BUD OF APRICOT.] [Illustration: FIG. 148.—APRICOT FLOWER-BUD, enlarged.] [Illustration: FIG. 149.—FRUIT-BUDS AND LEAF-BUDS OF PEAR.]