=Insects and Flowers.=—Perhaps we are indebted to insects for the bright colours and sweet honey of flowers. Flowers need insects to carry their pollen to other flowers, as cross-fertilization produces the best seeds. The insects need the nectar of the flowers for food, and the bright colours and sweet odours are the advertisements of the flowers to attract insects. Flowers of brightest hues are the ones that receive the visits of insects. Moths, butterflies, and bees carry most pollen (see Beginners’ Botany, Chap. VI). =Comparative Study.=—Make a table like this, occupying entire page of notebook, leaving no margins, and fill in accurately:— ═════════════════╤═══════════╤═════════╤═══════╤═══════╤═══════╤═══════ │GRASSHOPPER│BUTTERFLY│FLY pp.│DRAGON │BEETLE │BEE pp. │ │ │92, 93 │FLY p. │pp. 90,│88, 89 │ │ │ │ 93 │ 91 │ ─────────────────┼───────────┼─────────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼─────── Number and kind │ │ │ │ │ │ of wings │ │ │ │ │ │ ─────────────────┼───────────┼─────────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼─────── Description of │ │ │ │ │ │ legs │ │ │ │ │ │ ─────────────────┼───────────┼─────────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼─────── Antennæ (length, │ │ │ │ │ │ shape, joints) │ │ │ │ │ │ ─────────────────┼───────────┼─────────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼─────── Biting or sucking│ │ │ │ │ │ mouth parts │ │ │ │ │ │ ─────────────────┼───────────┼─────────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼─────── Complete or │ │ │ │ │ │ incomplete │ │ │ │ │ │ metamorphosis. │ │ │ │ │ │ ═════════════════╧═══════════╧═════════╧═══════╧═══════╧═══════╧═══════ [Illustration: FIG. 141.—CODLING MOTH, from egg to adult. (See Farmers’ Bulletin, p. 95.) ] [Illustration: FIG. 142.—CABBAGE BUTTERFLY, male and female, larva and pupa. ] [Illustration: FIG. 143.—LIFE HISTORY OF SILKWORM. ] [Illustration: FIG. 144.—SCALES FROM BUTTERFLIES’ WINGS, as seen under microscope. ] [Illustration: FIG. 145.—SCALES ON MOTH’S WING. ] TO THE TEACHER: _These illustrated studies require slower and more careful study than the text. One, or at most two, studies will suffice for a lesson. The questions can be answered by studying the figures._ FIGS. 141–148. =Illustrated Study of Lepidoptera.=—Study the stages in the development of _codling moth_, _silkworm moth_, and _cabbage butterfly_.