Party: the Conservatives, attitude toward Stamp Act, 222; and the Townshend Acts, 227, 229, 230; and the tea episode, 232; fear the growing influence of lower classes, 240 _ff._; tend to become Loyalist, 244; in the First Congress, 245 _ff._; support Galloway's plan, 246; disappearance of the, 248 _ff._; influence in forming the new state constitutions, 263. the Loyalists, oppose Grenville's measures, 217; in the First Congress, 245; the "Association" creates the party of, 247 _ff._; growth of the, 249 _ff._; New York the headquarters of, 255; in Philadelphia, 259; property confiscated, 259; encouraged by the conquest of South Carolina, 262; take part in the war, 267, 268; ruined by the Treaty of 1783, 271; America suffers loss by the exile of, 272. the Radicals, oppose Stamp Act, 219 _ff._; organize as Sons of Liberty, 222; take advanced ground on the Townshend Acts, 227-30; active opposition to the East India Company's tea monopoly, 232, 233; aim to revolutionize colonial governments, 240 _ff._; control First Congress, 245 _ff._; establish revolutionary government, 217 _ff._; not wholly satisfied with new State Governments, 263. Pastorius, Francis Daniel, 178. Patent for Rhode Island, 103. Peace of Paris, of 1763, effect on colonial policy of England, 205; of 1783, provisions of the, 270-72. Pegalotti, 9. Peking, 5, 8. Penn, William, 133. Pennsylvania, founded, 133; charter annulled and restored, 146; taxation of proprietary estates in, 164; mecca of the Germans, 177; and of the Scotch-Irish, 179; Quaker government opposed by western counties of, 242; Loyalist stronghold, 259. Penry, John, 88. Pepys, Samuel, 125. Perestrello, Felipe Moniz de, 22. Periwigs, badge of "gentle folk," 173, 174. Peru, conquest of, 84. Philadelphia, growth of, 162; Germans land at, 178; First Congress meets in, 234; taken by Howe, 257; evacuated by Clinton, 261. Philip II, 34-37. Philippine Islands, 28. Philip's War, 119. Phillips, George, 98. "Philosophers," America and the French, 199, 200. Piedmont of Virginia, 179. Pine Barrens, 179. Pinzon, 26, 28. Pioneers. _See_ Frontier. Piquet, Pere, 156. Piracy, 40, 146. Pitt, William, and the Seven Years' War, 158 _ff._; opposes Stamp Act, 223; admires papers of the First Congress, 247. Pittsfield, 175. Pizarro, Francisco, 34. Pizarro, Hernando, 34. Plan for a British-American Parliament, Galloway's, 246. Plantation type of colony. _See_ Colonial control. Plantation in Virginia, the, 70 _ff._, 74, 166. Pliny, 13. Plymouth colony, 57, 87, 107. Plymouth Company, 56. Pola, Marco, 8, 9. Politics. _See_ Government: Party. Pope, Alexander, 126, 170.