Maximilian Emmanuel of Bavaria, 240, 241, 243, 252 Mazarin, 235 Memling, 131, 139, 226, 338 Menapii, 32, 40, 45 Mendicant Orders-- Franciscans, 89 Dominicans, 89 Merchant Adventurers, 121 Merovingian dynasty, 41, 42 Meunier, Constantin, 334 Molinet, Jean, 129 Monarchomaques, 192, 219 Monasteries, 39, 42, 44, 45, 54, 56, 57, 94, 128, 180 Mons, 185, 269, 321 Monstrelet, 129 Morel, 329, 330 Moresnet, 166 Morini, 40 Mousket, Philippe, 98 Muhlberg, 159 Muenster, 171, 172 Treaty of, 235, 236, 237, 243, 246, 271, 272, 289, 296 Music, 124, 130, 133 Namur, 191, 216, 239, 311, 345 Nancy, 140 Napoleon I, 275, 276, 277 Napoleon III, 305, 306, 307, 308 Nassau, 150 Nassau, Frederick Henry of, 210 Nassau, Louis of, 178, 181, 184, 185, 187 Nassau, Maurice of, 204, 205, 209, 215 Nassau, William of, _see_ Orange National Congress, 287 Navigation and harbours, 115, 120, 121, 209, 217, 276, 323, 324 Neerwinden, 239, 271 Neny, Count de, 250 Nervii, 40 Neustria, 41 Neutrality, 293, 299-314, 316 Nieuport, 209, 216 Nivardus, 99 Nivelles, 90, 91 Normans, 45, 50 Notger, 54 Nothomb, 297 Noyon-- Bishopric, 38, 40 Treaty of, 150 Nymegen, Treaty of, 238 Ockeghem, Jean, 130 Orange, House of, 200 Orange, William of (the Silent), 175, 176, 181, 184-8, 190-5, 197, 200-3 Orange, William III of England, 238, 239, 241 Orange, William I of the Netherlands, 278, 281, 282, 283, 287, 288, 289, 292, 296, 322 Ostend, 216, 217, 248, 249, 276 Company, 245, 246 Siege of, 209 Otto, 54 Oudenarde, 90, 124, 165, 180, 216, 238 Battle of, 241 Party-- Catholic, 284, 285, 315, 317, 318, 319 Labour, 319 Liberal, 285, 315, 317, 318, 319 Liberal Catholic, 317 Peter the Hermit, 89 Philip the Bold, 104, 117, 132, 138 Philip the Good, 105, 106, 110, 114, 115, 123, 126, 131, 132, 139, 140, 145, 176, 280, 302 Philip I (the Handsome), 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 160, 197, 207 Philip II, 152, 157, 160, 161, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 183, 184, 187, 188, 190, 193, 200, 204, 205, 218, 254, 288 Philip III, 209 Philip IV, 209, 212, 236, 237 Pichegru, 271 Pieter Christus, 139 Pillnitz, Declaration of, 268 Placards, 171, 172, 176, 178, 189, 208 Plessiz-lez-Tours, Treaty of, 200, 201 Poelaert, 332 Pol de Limburg, 138 Population, 116, 121, 122, 123, 214, 246, 324 Pragmatic Sanction, 159, 160, 246 Prie, Marquis de, 252 Printing, 128, 169 Protestantism, 177, 179, 180, 201, 203, 207, 208, 219, 224, 260 Pyrenees, Treaty of the, 236, 237 Races, 35 Radewyn, Florent, 128 Ramillies, 241 Rastadt, Treaty of, 242 Ratisbon, Truce of, 239 Recollets, 220, 227 Reformation, 172, 173, 180, 181, 221 Counter, 222, 227 Regner of Hainault, 55 Regner, Long Neck, 53, 59 Reichenbach, Convention of, 267 Renaissance, 114, 130, 135, 164, 167, 221, 224, 336, 339 Renesse, Rene de, 210 Requesens, Louis de Zuniga y, 187, 188, 190