Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790 -- Juvenile literature
De Lor repeated the experiment in Paris eight days later. Louis XV, King
of France, was so moved that he sent congratulations to the Royal
Society, to be relayed to Messieurs Franklin and Peter Collinson. The
first successful experiment in London was made by John Canton. Soon it
was being repeated throughout Europe. The name of Benjamin Franklin was
on everyone’s tongue.
No news of all this had yet been brought on the slow sailing ships when,
in June 1752, Franklin decided not to wait for the completion of the
Christ Church spire for his experiment. He had another scheme. Why not
try to draw electricity from the skies with a kite?
“Make a small cross of two light strips of cedar, the arms so long as to
reach to the four corners of a large thin silk handkerchief when
extended; tie the corners of the handkerchief to the extremities of the
cross.” Thus he later described the body of this world famous kite. Like
ordinary kites, it had a tail, loop, and string. At the top of the
vertical cedar strip, he fastened a sharp pointed wire about a foot
long. At the end of the string he tied a silk ribbon. He fastened a
small key at the juncture of silk and twine.
With this child’s plaything, he and his tall full-grown son, William,
took off across the fields one threatening summer day. They let the wind
raise the kite into the air and they waited. Even before it began
raining, Franklin observed some loose threads from the hempen string
standing erect. He pressed his knuckle to the key—and an electric spark
shot out. There were more sparks when the thunderstorm began. After the
string was wet, the “electric fire” was “copious.”
He must have grinned triumphantly at William, and perhaps said casually,
“Well, Billy, we’ve done it.”
There is no evidence that he realized his experiment might be dangerous,
even deadly.
The first account of the “Electrical Kite” appeared five months later in
the October 19, 1752, issue of the _Gazette_. _Poor Richard’s Almanack_
for 1753 contained complete instructions on how to build a lightning
rod. He had already put one up on his own chimney. It had small bells
which chimed when clouds containing electricity passed by. The bells
rang in his house for years.
News of his triumphs abroad were now flooding in. The praise of the
French king, he wrote a friend, made him feel like the girl “who was
observed to grow suddenly proud, and none could guess the reason, till
it came to be known that she had got on a new pair of garters.” The
Royal Society, making up for lost time, published an account of his kite
in _Transactions_, their official paper, and in November 1753, gave him
the Copley gold medal for “his curious experiments and observations on
electricity.” They conservatively held off making him a member of the
Society until May 29, 1756. At home, Harvard, Yale, and William and Mary
College in turn gave him honorary degrees of master of arts.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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