Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790 -- Juvenile literature
A letter was waiting for him in London from Debby, saying that Sally
wanted his consent to marry a young man named Richard Bache. Franklin
was too far away to judge the merits of her suitor: “I can only say that
if he proves a good husband to her, and a good son to me, he shall find
me as good a father as I can be,” he wrote. The marriage took place in
October 1767. The ships in the harbor in Philadelphia ran up their flags
to celebrate the wedding of the daughter of their most famous citizen.
The ministry of Lord Rockingham, in which Franklin had such confidence,
toppled while he was in Germany. The King and William Pitt, now Lord
Chatham, set up a coalition cabinet. Pitt, still a good friend of the
American colonies, soon fell violently ill, during which time the reins
of the government were seized by Charles Townshend, chancellor of the
exchequer.
Townshend considered the whole colonial uproar over taxes “perfect
nonsense.” Since the Americans had balked at the _internal_ Stamp Tax,
he resolved to let them pay _external_ taxes, in the form of import
duties on glass, lead, paper, paints—and tea.
By the Townshend Acts, duties were to be collected by English revenue
officers. The acts violated the time-honored right of trial by jury;
those accused of ignoring the revenue laws were to be tried in the
admiralty courts without a jury. As an added insult, the revenue
collected was to be used for the salaries of royal governors and judges
who previously had been paid by the Assemblies and thus subject to some
colonial control.
Franklin foresaw grave danger ahead. The Americans would not accept
these harsh measures. “Every act of oppression will sour their tempers,”
he wrote Lord Kames, “lessen greatly—if not annihilate ... the profits
of your commerce with them, and hasten their final revolt; for the seeds
of liberty are universally found there, and nothing can eradicate them.”
He felt that the colonists’ affection for Britain was such that “if
cultivated prudently” they might be easily governed “without force or
any considerable expense.” But he did not see “a sufficient quantity of
the wisdom that is necessary to produce such a conduct.”
The lack of “a sufficient quantity of the wisdom” on the part of
Parliament and the ministry was almost daily becoming more obvious to
him. Still he continued his course of education and propaganda and
persuasion, and of meeting with men in the government whom he hoped to
influence. Many listened to him. The young and wealthy Earl of
Shelburne, Secretary of State for the Colonies, became his close friend.
In recognition of his usefulness to his country, in 1768 he was chosen
agent for Georgia; in 1769, for New Jersey; and in 1770, for
Massachusetts.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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