[Footnote i-217: According to Jacob Viner ("Adam Smith and Laissez Faire," in _Adam Smith, 1776-1926. Lectures to Commemorate the Sesqui-Centennial of the Publication of 'The Wealth of Nations_,' 116-55), "Smith's major claim to fame ... seems to rest on his elaborate and detailed application to the economic world of the concept of a unified natural order, operating according to natural law, and if left to its own course producing results beneficial to mankind" (p. 118), which suggests, especially in _Theory of Moral Sentiments_, that self-love and social are the same. When Smith came to write the _Wealth of Nations_, he tended, Viner asserts, to distrust the operations of the harmonious natural order--yet Viner admits that many passages tend to corroborate his earlier view expressed in _Theory of Moral Sentiments_ and that "There is no possible room for doubt that Smith in general believed that there was, to say the least, a stronger presumption against government activity beyond its fundamental duties of protection against its foreign foes and maintenance of justice" (p. 140). We shall see elsewhere that Franklin seems to have urged a less frugal governmental restraint in activities other than economic.] [Footnote i-218: _The Colonial Mind_, 173. It is generally thought that _Principles of Trade_ is "partly" Franklin's "own composition" (Carey, _op. cit._, 161).] [Footnote i-219: Philadelphia, Sept. 13, 1775: MS letter (unpublished) in W. S. Mason Collection.] [Footnote i-220: London, Sept. 29, 1769: MS letter (unpublished) in W. S. Mason Collection.] [Footnote i-221: London, Feb. 20, 1768 (_Writings_, V, 102).] [Footnote i-222: Dated April 4, 1769 (_ibid._, V, 200-2).] [Footnote i-223: _Writings_, V, 202.] [Footnote i-224: Cited by F. W. Garrison in "Franklin and the Physiocrats," _Freeman_, VIII, 154-6 (Oct. 24, 1923).] [Footnote i-225: Dupont de Nemours's opinion of Franklin (_Writings_, V, 153-4).] [Footnote i-226: _Writings_, V, 156. See W. Steell's entertaining "The First Visit to Paris," in _Benjamin Franklin of Paris_, 3-21; also E. E. Hale and E. E. Hale, Jr., _Franklin in France_, I, 7-13.] [Footnote i-227: C. Gide and C. Rist, _A History of Economic Doctrines_, 4 note.] [Footnote i-228: _Writings_, V, 155.] [Footnote i-229: As an _experimental_ agriculturist Franklin has been given too little honor. He performed many valuable services in introducing Old-World plants, trees, and fruits to the New, and in encouraging others to carry on practical botanical experiments. Particularly from 1747 to 1757 he experimented in agriculture and was in constant communication with that pioneer scientific husbandman, Jared Eliot. See E. D. Ross's "Benjamin Franklin as an Eighteenth-Century Agriculture Leader," _Journal of Political Economy_, XXXVII, 52-72 (Feb., 1929).]