[Footnote i-236: _Ibid._, IV, 242-5 (April 30, 1764). As Mr. Carey notes. Franklin in several places. _On the Labouring Poor_ and in a letter (IX, 240-8), suggests that private vices--demands for luxuries--make public benefits, hence resembling, if not ultimately derived from, Mandeville's _Fable of the Bees_. Franklin's sanction of free trade is, however, antithetical to Mandeville's 'dog eat dog' basis. (See Kaye's Intro. to _The Fable of the Bees_, xcviii ff.) Franklin in no uncertain terms looks upon trade restrictions definitely as the result of "the abominable selfishness" of men (VII, 332). As long as selfishness is the rule, mercantilism, not economic laissez faire, will be king. It is theoretically probable also that belief in man's innate altruism could furnish emotional if not logical sanction for laissez faire--but this abstraction is in Franklin's case futile, since like Swift he was not blind to man's malevolence!] [Footnote i-237: _Writings_, IV, 245; see also _ibid._, VIII, 107-8, 261, 19.] [Footnote i-238: _Ibid._, IX, 41; also 63, 578, 588.] [Footnote i-239: Cited in Carey, _op. cit._, 160-1.] [Footnote i-240: See Gide and Rist, _op. cit._, 7 note.] [Footnote i-241: _Ibid._, 7 note.] [Footnote i-242: _Ibid._] [Footnote i-243: Mercier de la Rivière, cited in _ibid._, 8 note.] [Footnote i-244: _Ibid._, 9-10.] [Footnote i-245: "Economics and the Idea of Natural Law," _Quarterly Journal of Economics_, XLIV, 16 (1929). See also O. H. Taylor's valuable dissertation, "The Idea of a 'Natural Order' in Early Modern Economic Thought," summarized in Harvard University _Summaries of Theses_, 1928, 102-6, and available in manuscript at the Harvard University Library.] [Footnote i-246: Taylor, "Economics and the Idea of Natural Law," _loc. cit._, 16.]