Benjamin Franklin; Self-Revealed, Volume 2 (of 2): A Biographical and Critical Study Based Mainly on his own WritingsBruce, Wiliam Cabell
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Benjamin Franklin; Self-Revealed, Volume 2 (of 2): A Biographical and Critical Study Based Mainly on his own Writings
Bruce, Wiliam Cabell
Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790
The support of the poor [he wrote to Richard Jackson]
should not be by maintaining them in idleness, but by
employing them in some kind of labour suited to their
abilities of body, as I am informed begins to be of
late the practice in many parts of England, where
workhouses are erected for that purpose. If these were
general, I should think the poor would be more careful,
and work voluntarily to lay up something for themselves
against a rainy day, rather than run the risk of being
obliged to work at the pleasure of others for a bare
subsistence, and that too under confinement.
For Agriculture, Franklin always had an appreciative word. "Agriculture,"
he observed in a letter to Cadwallader Evans, "is truly _productive of new
wealth_; manufacturers only change forms, and, whatever value they give to
the materials they work upon, they in the meantime consume an equal value
in provisions, &c."
His other observations on Agriculture are worthy of being read for the
light that they cast on his own character, if for no other reason. It is,
he declared, in a letter to Jonathan Shipley, "the most useful, the most
independent, and therefore the noblest of Employments." Another remark of
his in his _Positions to be Examined, Concerning National Wealth_ is that
there seemed to him but three ways for a nation to acquire wealth:
The first is by _war_, as the Romans did, in plundering
their conquered neighbors. This is _robbery_. The
second by _commerce_, which is _generally_ cheating.
The third by _agriculture_, the only _honest way_,
wherein man receives a real increase of the seed
thrown into the ground, in a kind of continual miracle,
wrought by the hand of God in his favour, as a reward
for his innocent life and his virtuous industry.
The same spirit gives life to the following observations too in his essay
on "The Internal State of America": "The Agriculture and Fisheries of the
United States are the great Sources of our Encreasing Wealth. He that puts
a Seed into the Earth is recompens'd, perhaps, by receiving twenty out of
it; and he who draws a Fish out of our Waters, draws up a Piece of Silver."
In Franklin's time as now there was a feeling that the farmer did not
receive his full share of the blessings of organized society. In his _Price
of Corn, and Management of the Poor_, he makes a farmer say, "I am one of
that class of people, that feeds you all, and at present is abused by you
all. In short I am a _farmer_."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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