Convulsions have no preliminary symptoms and give the mother little warning. The first change in the child’s appearance is a sudden rigidity, with the hands clenched. The face turns pale; the eyes roll up or back and are fixed; and, although the child is apparently unconscious, the muscles of the face, arms, and body twitch in a way that horrifies the mother. The convulsion may pass in a few seconds or it may last several minutes. In the latter case the child breathes feebly; the lips take on a ghastly bluish tone; the forehead is moist and chill. After the convulsion passes the child is greatly exhausted; and often before it has time to react and become normal a second convulsion follows. To prevent this the first convulsion should be treated promptly; and it is especially essential that in this emergency the mother maintain her self-control. Many a child in no real danger from a light convulsion has been seriously burned by the frightened mother’s plunging it into hot water. A physician should be summoned immediately; but in the meantime the mother will act for herself. A hot bath should be prepared, with water at a temperature of 105° F. If there is no thermometer the mother must test the water by thrusting her bared elbow into it. If she cannot bear the heat of the water she may be sure that her child will suffer if immersed in water of such high temperature. If she uses the ordinary bathtub made for infants she should add to the warm water a tablespoonful of dry mustard, dissolved in a cup of warm water. If there is no small bathtub and she uses the family bathtub, the water should be six inches high, and the same amount of mustard should be added to it. The little patient should then be held under the water from five to ten minutes, the water being kept at the same temperature. While the mother rubs his body and limbs under the water, her assistant should dip a small towel or piece of old linen in cold water and lay it on the top of the child’s head and forehead. After the bath he should be patted, not rubbed, dry; wrapped in warm blankets; and tucked into bed, with a hot-water bottle or bag near the feet. Be very careful that the hot-water bag is not hot enough to blister the flesh. The baby, in the state of prostration which follows the convulsion, will not know enough even to withdraw his feet from the surface of the bag or bottle. If the convulsion is a symptom of illness like scarlet fever, where the temperature is high, the baby cannot be put in a hot bath. A cold compress is laid on his head, and the body and limbs are sponged gently with cool water—not hot. If, after the sponging, the feet are cold, a hot-water bottle may be placed near them. If the child is fully dressed when the convulsion comes on, be sure to loosen the clothes, and take off the shoes and stockings. If there is an ice-cap in the house use that in place of the cold compress for the head.