_De Brevitate Vitae_, (On the Shortness of Life). _De Beneficiis_, (On Beneficence). _De Clementia_, (On Clemency). _Ad Marciam de Consolatione_, (A Letter of Condolence to Marcia). _Ad Polybium de Consolatione_, (A Letter of Condolence to Polybius). _Ad Helviam matrem de Consolatione._ (A Letter of Condolence to his mother Helvia). _Apocolocynthosis_, (Pumpkinfication, as it may be translated by a parody on Deification; or we may call it Pumpkinosis to correspond with Apotheosis). _Epistolae Morales ad Lucilium_, (Letters to Lucilius on the Conduct of Life). _Quaestiones Naturales_, (Questions relating to Physical Phenomena). This is the only work of the kind belonging to Latin literature. During the Middle Ages it was much used as a text-book. In the Charpentier-Lemaistre edition the letters to Lucilius fill the first volume and a little more than half of the second. The first Book on Beneficence is in the third volume; the remainder with the Problems in Physics fill the fourth and last. The smaller treatises occupy the rest of the four volumes. A number of Tragedies with Greek titles are also attributed to our Seneca, probably with justice. Note:—To translate Seneca adequately is not an easy task. While his meaning is usually plain, the modern reader is not in all cases certain that he clearly apprehends the exact signification of his words when taken separately. He is thus in danger of reading into them ideas that savor more of modern theology than the author intended,—a common fault of interpreters. It has been demonstrated that Seneca knew nothing of the Gospels directly, yet he has often been claimed as a Christian. Evidently, then, there must be a good deal in his writings that can be used to support such a claim. Attention has already been called to his use of _caro_. He seems also to be the first Roman who uses Providentia to designate an intelligent guide and guardian of the affairs of the world. There are other terms to which he gives a signification not found in the profane writers of ancient Rome.