VII Erotism and sexuality—The motive power of unfulfilled wishes—The male protest—The relations of the homosexual to his mother—Hirschfeld’s schematic outline—Infantile impressions—Influence of the stronger parent—Letter of an expert 331 Index 353 I Krafft-Ebing considers Onanism the Cause of Homosexuality—Confusion of Cause and Effect—The Views of Krafft-Ebing—The Views of Moll—of Havelock Ellis—of Bloch—of Magnus Hirschfeld—How is the Diagnosis established?—The fundamental Bisexuality of all Persons—Relation of Neurosis and Homosexuality—The Family of the Homosexual—The Views of Bloch on the Problem—The Influence of the Psyche on the Organism—Wish as active Factor of the Psyche—My theory—The Theories of Kiernan, Chevalier and Lombroso—The Neurotic as a retrograded type—Early awakening of sexuality. _Leben—ist das nicht gerade ein Andersseinwollen, als die Natur ist?—Nietzsche._ BI-SEXUAL LOVE I _Living,—is it not the will to be otherwise than nature is?—Nietzsche._ That there are preeminent physicians who earnestly look upon masturbation as the cause of homosexuality seems hardly believable. It would be as proper to consider masturbation the cause of sexuality. We have shown elsewhere that onanism may be the result of ungratified homosexual trends. At times it may stand as a substitute for some homosexual act. It then replaces for a time the adequate temporary form of sexual gratification. I state “temporary form,” because the sexual object itself does not remain permanently the same and the sexual directive goals,—to use the excellent expression of _Hans Blüher_[1] are often abandoned. The false notion that onanism is responsible for homosexuality has been preconized by _Krafft-Ebing_, whose great authority in matters of sexual psychopathology persists to this day. His services are significant, indeed, and we must observe that he has at last accepted the view of _Hirschfeld_ that homosexuality is inborn,—that there is an acquired and a hereditary homosexuality.[2] But in the last (14th) edition of _Krafft-Ebing’s_ work, which has appeared in 1912, his editor, _Alfred Fuchs_, preserves the statement about onanism at the head of the chapter and he even underscores the contentions of his great teacher on this particular subject.[3] My work proves that we must abandon the merely descriptive method of sexual research. The subject’s first account is only a statement of the manifest content of his consciousness concerning his paraphilia. We must look into the latent content, into the unconscious and quasi-conscious forces involved. The descriptive form of sexual research must be replaced by the psychological, in keeping with the spirit of our times. In no other field does analysis so convincingly and completely prove its claims.