Different interpretations of the word _Tachmâs_--Probability that it signifies the Nightjar--Various names of the bird--Its remarkable jarring cry, and wheeling flight--Mode of feeding--Boldness of the bird--Deceptive appearance of its size 377 THE SWALLOW. Identification of the smaller birds--Oriental indifference to natural history--Use of collective terms--The Swallow--Signification of the word _Deror_--The Bird of Liberty--Swallows and Swifts--The Sunbirds and Bee-eaters--Variety of small birds found in Palestine--The Swallows of Palestine--Swallows protected by man in various countries--Nesting of the Swallow--The Rufous Swallow and Martin--The Sis or Swift--Various species of Swift inhabiting the Holy Land--Talmudical notions of the Swift or Swallow--The leper and his offering--The cooking pot and the sacrificial vessel--Signification of the word _Tzippor-deror_ 381 THE HOOPOE, OR LAPWING OF SCRIPTURE. The Dukiphath of Scripture--Various interpretations of the word--The Hoopoe--Its beauty and ill reputation--The unpleasant odour of its nest--Food of the Hoopoe--Its beautiful nest, and remarkable gestures--A curious legend of Solomon and the Hoopoe 392 THE SPARROW. Signification of the word _Tzippor_--The bird used for the leper's sacrifice--The Sparrow upon the house-top--Architecture of the East--Proclamation from the house-tops--The Blue Thrush, its appearance and habits--Little birds exposed for sale in the market--The two Sparrows sold for a farthing--Bird-catching--The net, the snare, and the trap--The Sparrow that builds her nest in the Temple--The Tree Sparrow--Various Sparrows that inhabit Palestine--Birds kept in cages 395 THE CUCKOO. The Cuckoo only twice mentioned in Scripture--Difficulty of identifying the Shachaph--The common species, and the Great Spotted Cuckoo--Depositing the egg--Conjectures respecting the Shachaph--Etymology of the word--The various gulls, and other sea-birds 405 THE DOVE. Parallel between the lamb and the Dove--Derivation of the Hebrew word _Yonâh_--The Dove and the olive branch--Abram's sacrifice, and its acceptance--The sacrifice according to the law of Moses--The Dove-sellers of the Temple--Talmudical zoology--The story of Ilisch--The Dove and the raven--The Dove a type of Israel--The Beni-yonâh, or Sons of Pigeons--Home-finding instinct of the pigeon--The Oriental Dove-cotes--Voice of the Dove--Its strength of wing--The Dove's dung of Samaria--Various pigeons of Palestine--The Rock Dove and its multitudes--The Dove and the Griffon--The Turtle Doves of Palestine, and their appearance and habits 408 POULTRY.