Reptiles in general--Looseness of the term "creeping things"--The Tzab of the Scriptures, translated as Tortoise--Flesh and eggs of the Tortoise--Its slow movements--Hibernation dependent on temperature--The Water-Tortoises--Their food and voracity--Their eggs--Their odour terrifying the horses--The Dhubb lizard and its legends--Its armed tail, and the use made of it--Its food, and localities which it prefers 505 THE LEVIATHAN, OR CROCODILE. Signification of the word _Leviathan_--Description in the Book of Job--Structure and general habits of the Crocodile--The throat-valve and its use--Position of the nostrils--Worship of the Crocodile--The reptile known in the Holy Land--Two legends respecting its presence there--Mode of taking prey--Cunning of the Crocodile--The baboons and the Crocodile--Speed of the reptile--Eggs and young of the Crocodile, and their enemies--Curious story of the ichneumon and ibis--Modes of capturing the Crocodile--Analysis of Job's description--The Crocodile also signified by the word _Tannin_. Aaron's rod changed into a Tannin--Various passages in which the word occurs--Use of the word by the Prophet Jeremiah 514 THE LETÂÂH OR LIZARD. Difficulty of identifying the Letââh--Probability that it is a collective and not a specific term--Various Lizards of Palestine--The Green or Jersey Lizard--The Cyprius, its appearance and habits--The Glass Snake or Scheltopusic--Translation of the word _Chomet_--Probability that it signifies the Skink--Medicinal uses of the Lizard--The Seps tribe--The common Cicigna, and the popular belief concerning its habits--The Sphænops and its shallow tunnel 529 THE CHAMELEON, MONITOR, AND GECKO. Translation of the word _Koach_--Signification of the word, and its applicability to the Chameleon--Power of the reptile's grasp--The prehensile tail--Demeanour of the Chameleon on the ground--The independent eyes--Its frequent change of colour--Mode of taking prey--Strange notions respecting the Chameleon--The Monitor, or Land Crocodile--Its habits and use to mankind--The Nilotic Monitor, and its habit of destroying the eggs and young of the Crocodile--The Gecko or Ferret of Scripture 534 SERPENTS. Serpents in general--Signification of the Hebrew word _Nachash_--Various passages in which the Nachash is mentioned--The fiery Serpents of the wilderness--Explanation of the words "flying" and "fiery" as applied to Serpents--Haunts of the Serpent--The Cobra, or Asp of Scripture--Meaning of the word _Pethen_--The deaf Adder that stoppeth her ear--Serpent-charming in the East--Principle on which the charmers work--Sluggishness of the Serpent nature--Ceremony of initiation into Serpent-charming--Theories respecting the deaf Adder--Luis of Grenada's sermon--The Cerastes, or Horned Serpent--Appearance and habits of the reptile--The "Adder in the path" 540