7. _The Modern Period_, from A.D. 1517 until the present, has witnessed comparatively few changes in the city's condition. The present wall was built by the sultan Suleiman in 1542. In 1832 it was seized by Mohammed Ali, Pasha of Egypt, but was again restored to the sultan, through the interference of the European powers. It is now a city of a population variously estimated at from twenty to fifty thousand. OUTLINE FOR TEACHING AND REVIEW. Have two blackboards (or a large one), and use one for the outline of the lesson, the other for the map. I. Teach the _Names_. Salem, Jebus, Jerusalem, Ariel, Ælia Capitolina, El Khuds. II. _Location._ 1. Latitude. 2. Longitude. 3. Distances. 4. Elevation. III. _Geologic Formation._ IV. _Valleys._ Draw a rough map showing the valleys, and name them, indicating them by initial letters on the map. 1. Kedron. 2. Tyropoeon. 3. Hinnom. V. _Mountains._ Describe each, and indicate by initial letter. 1. Zion. 2. Acra. 3. Moriah. 4. Bezetha. 5. Olives. Peaks: (1.) Scopus. (2.) "Viri Galilæi." (3.) Ascension. (4.) Prophets. (5.) Offense. (6.) Evil Counsel. VI. _Walls._ Draw them on the board, describe and name. First. (David.) Second. Third. (Agrippa.) VII. _History._ 1. Patriarchal. (Melchizedek.) 2. Jebusite. (Adoni-zedek.) 3. Royal. (David, Jehoshaphat, etc.) 4. Restoration. (Zerubbabel, Alexander, Ptolemy, Antiochus, Judas Maccabeus, Pompey, Herod, Titus.) 5. Roman. (Bar-cocheba, Hadrian, Constantine, Julian, Justinian, Chosroes.) 6. Mediæval. (Omar, Crusaders, Saladin.) 7. Modern. (Suleiman, Mohammed Ali, etc.) [Illustration: PANORAMA OF JERUSALEM, FROM THE MOUNT OF OLIVES.]