Produced by Bill Tozier, Barbara Tozier, Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net BIOGRAPHIES OF DISTINGUISHED SCIENTIFIC MEN. BY FRANCOIS ARAGO, MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE. TRANSLATED BY ADMIRAL W.H. SMYTH, D.C.L., F.R.S., &c. THE REV. BADEN POWELL, M.A., F.R.S., &c. AND ROBERT GRANT, Esq., M.A., F.R.A.S. FIRST SERIES. BOSTON: TICKNOR AND FIELDS. M DCCC LIX. RIVERSIDE, CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY H.O. HOUGHTON AND COMPANY. TRANSLATORS' PREFACE. The present volume of the series of English translations of M. Arago's works consists of his own autobiography and a selection of some of his memoirs of eminent scientific men, both continental and British. It does not distinctly appear at what period of his life Arago composed the autobiography, but it bears throughout the characteristic stamp of his ardent and energetic disposition. The reader will, perhaps, hardly suppress a smile at the indications of self-satisfaction with which several of the incidents are brought forward, while the air of romance which invests some of the adventures may possibly give rise to some suspicion of occasional embellishment; on these points, however, we leave each reader to judge for himself. In relation to the history of science, this memoir gives some interesting particulars, which disclose to us much of the interior spirit of the Academy of Sciences, not always of a kind the most creditable to some of Arago's former contemporaries. But a far higher interest will be found to belong to those eloquent memoirs, or eloges of eminent departed men of science, who had attained the distinction of being members of the Academy. In these the reader will find a luminous, eminently simple, and popular account of the discoveries of each of those distinguished individuals, of a kind constituting in fact a brief history of the particular branch of science to which he was devoted. And in the selection included in the present volume, which constitutes but a portion of the entire series, we have comprised the accounts of men of such varied pursuits as to convey no inadequate impression of the progress of discovery throughout a considerable range of the whole field of the physical sciences within the last half century. The account given by the author, of the principal discoveries made by the illustrious subjects of his memoirs, is in general very luminous, but at the same time presupposes a familiarity with some parts of science which may not really be possessed by all readers. For the sake of a considerable class, then, we have taken occasion, wherever the use of new technical terms or other like circumstances seemed to require it, to introduce original notes and commentaries, sometimes of considerable extent, by the aid of which we trust the scientific principles adverted to in the text will be rendered easily intelligible to the general reader.