Birds and All Nature, Vol. 7, No. 4, April 1900Various
History
Birds and All Nature, Vol. 7, No. 4, April 1900
Various
Birds -- Periodicals; Natural history -- Periodicals
Many delicate plants seek the shelter and protection of the borders
of the forest. They do not penetrate far within, but remain near the
open, where the sunlight can reach them. The blood-root (_Sanguinaria
Canadensis_) is of this character. Beautiful and delicate, it seems to
shun the storm and wind and to retire from the gaze of man.
The blood-root belongs to the poppy family (_Papaveraceæ_), which
includes about twenty-five genera and over two hundred species. These,
though widely distributed, are chiefly found in the temperate regions
of the North. To this family also belong the valuable opium-producing
plant (_Papaver somniferum_), the Mexican or prickly poppy (_Argemone
Mexicana_), the Dutchman's breeches (_Bicuculla Cucullaria_), the
bleeding-heart (_Bicuculla eximia_) and the beautiful mountain fringe
(_Adlumia fungosa_). A large number of the species are cultivated for
ornamental purposes. The poppy is also cultivated for the commercial
value of the opium it produces. All the species produce a milky or
colored juice. Here, indeed, we may say that behind beauty there lurks
a deadly foe, for the juice of nearly all the species has active
narcotic properties. This property is a means of protection to the
plant under consideration, for its acrid taste is distasteful to
animals.
The red juice that exudes from all parts of the plant of the
blood-root gives it both its common and its generic names, the latter,
_Sanguinaria_, is derived from the Latin word _sanguis_, or blood.
This interesting plant is a native of Eastern North America, deriving
its specific name from the fact that it is found in Canada. It blossoms
in April or May. Usually but a single flower is borne by the naked
stalk that rises from the underground stem to the height of about
eight inches. The flowers are white, very rarely pinkish, about one
and one-half of an inch in diameter. The number of petals varies from
eight to twelve, and they fall very soon after expansion. The sepals
disappear before the bud opens.
A single leaf is produced from each bud of the underground stem. It is
wrapped around the flower-bud as the latter rises from the soil and
does not develop to full size till after the period of blossoming is
over. The necessary food material for the production of the flower was
stored in the underground stem during the preceding season. Thus the
green leaf is not needed early in the growth of the plant.
The adult leaf is kidney-shaped, smooth, and five to nine lobed. When
fully grown they are often more than six inches in diameter. The
leaf-stalk, which may be over one foot in length, and the radiating
veins vary in color from yellowish to orange. Few leaves are more
beautiful and graceful than these, both during their development and
when fully mature.
It is said that the Indians formerly used the juice of this plant as a
dye, and thus it is sometimes called red Indian paint and red puccoon.
TANSY CAKES.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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