Birds and Nature Vol. 09 No. 4 [April 1901]Various
History
Birds and Nature Vol. 09 No. 4 [April 1901]
Various
Birds -- Periodicals; Natural history -- Periodicals
It is instinct that guides the wild goose in his long flight to meet the
changing requirements of food and nesting. It is instinct that enables
the carrier pigeon, though taken hoodwinked and by night to distant
points, to wing his way unerringly homeward. Instinct leads the thrifty
squirrel to stock his larder with nuts in anticipation of the period
that must pass ere nuts are ripe again, and teaches him to destroy the
embryo plant by biting out the germ so that his chestnuts will not
sprout and thus be spoiled for food. The same wonderful power enables
the bee to build her comb upon the strictest mathematical principles so
as to obtain the greatest storage capacity and strength of structure
with smallest consumption of wax, and then to store it with one of the
most perfect and concentrated of foods. These and many other well-known
cases of animal instinct will occur to the reader, but the object of
this article is to mention a few phenomena of plant life, whereby they
make, what we should designate in human beings, an intelligent
adjustment to environment or provision for their future life and
development.
As autumn approaches, even before Jack Frost strikes the first rude
signal for winter quarters for insect and plant, or the wintry blasts
compel the trees to furl sail and scud under bare poles, the forest
trees begin to prepare for unfavorable conditions by forming and
securely tucking away the bud that is next year to develop into leaf and
flower. Before the leaf drops off, a substantial layer of cork is made
to close up the pores through which the sap had so freely flowed during
the growing season.
My older readers know, of course, that the green color of the leaf is
due to the numerous corpuscles of chlorophyll which fill the cells. This
same chlorophyll has an important mission to fulfill. These little green
bodies are the only real food-making machines in nature. Upon the
product of these tiny mills all animate nature depends for food. Their
motive power is light, and their raw material the inorganic fluids
absorbed by the roots from the soil, and their product is sugars and
starches. It will be seen that chlorophyll is one of the most precious,
as well as one of the rarest of substances, for while there may appear a
great quantity it is superficial, never entering deeply into the
substance of the plant.
The trees, by a sort of instinct, shall we say, withdraw their cohorts
of green-liveried workers from the front as autumn approaches and deck
themselves in the more gaudy but less wholesome colors of declining
life. It is after the chlorophyll is withdrawn that the layer of cork is
formed. The sturdy oak usually holds his brown leaves until they are
whipped off by the wind.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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