Birds and Nature Vol. 09 No. 4 [April 1901]Various
History
Birds and Nature Vol. 09 No. 4 [April 1901]
Various
Birds -- Periodicals; Natural history -- Periodicals
Plants are themselves generally unable to move from their fixed
positions, so if they are to become prominent in the world they must
send out their children—and many and ingenious are their devices for
accomplishing this end. Most of my readers are familiar with the
parachutes of the silk weed, dandelion and various members of the
Compositae family. How they sail through the air. A walk through the
autumn forests will make one the unconscious, perhaps unwilling, carrier
of numerous Spanish needles, stick tights, burrs and seeds of various
plants who have taught their children to steal rides in all sorts of
provoking ways. I imagine the wicked old mother laughs as her ugly baby
clings to your clothing, sure of a safe ride to a more favorable place
for growing. Many plants achieve the same end in a more pleasant way.
They produce fruits and berries so luscious that some bird or animal
will carry it some distance for the sake of the pulp. Man himself,
philanthropist as he is, when he finds that a plant has produced a
luscious fruit or palatable seed, will help the distribution and growth,
and bring his superior intelligence to the assistance of the plant’s
slow instinct to improve its product. A book might be written upon the
methods of seed dissemination. In fact, there is a very interesting book
upon the subject.
We will just notice briefly the marvelous adaptation of plants to their
environment. In the dry plains of Arizona grows a peculiar thick-leaved,
stunted, cactus-like plant, suited to withstand the drouth. In the
forests of Central South America a great vine climbs to the tops of the
tallest trees and there flaunts its gay colors to the breeze. In Damara
Land, southwest tropical Africa, upon a small upland section, and
nowhere else in the world, grows the marvelous Welwitschia mirabilis,
with no real leaves, but with its two cotyledons, persistent and growing
to enormous length, living a century and acquiring a great trunk, the
flower-stalk growing up from the bare trunk while the two great leaves,
if I may so designate them, whip about in the breezes for a century
without change, except as they fray out at the ends. These three so
dissimilar plants all had a common, not so remote, ancestor, but have
grown so unlike in their effort to adapt themselves to their
environment, that no casual observer would suspect they were akin.
There is so much to say about the wonderful intelligence displayed by
plants in their various activities, that a volume could not do the
subject justice. We started with the question, Do plants have instinct?
We end with the question, Have they?
Rowland Watts.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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