Birds and Nature Vol. 09 No. 4 [April 1901]Various
History
Birds and Nature Vol. 09 No. 4 [April 1901]
Various
Birds -- Periodicals; Natural history -- Periodicals
Probably no more distinct family of mollusks exists than the Conidae,
the family of cones, their beautifully decorated shells and the large
number of species making them a favorite with collectors. The shell is
in the form of an inverted cone, gracefully rounded, the aperture being
but a narrow slit extending nearly the whole length of the shell. The
colors of the cones are always very brilliant, although when they are
alive the shell is not brilliantly polished as the olives, on account of
the presence of an epidermis. About three hundred species are known,
living principally in tropical seas. They love to conceal themselves in
holes in the rocks and among the branches of corals. The animal is
predaceous, boring into the shells of other mollusks and extracting the
juices from the bodies. The teeth of Conus are hollow and very sharp and
have a barb on the end. A poison gland is said to be present in this
genus and bites from the animal are very painful, although not
dangerous, the large Conus marmoreus being able to inflict a severe
wound. The cone is quite pugnacious and will immediately bite the hand
when picked up, a veritable reptile of the ocean.
The ne plus ultra of mollusks to the collector is without doubt the
genus Cypraea, comprising the cowry shells. So eagerly have they been
sought by wealthy collectors that the price of rarities has gone up to
an astonishing degree, some specimens being sold at several hundred
dollars each. The shell is highly polished, owing to the fact that two
lobes of the voluminous mantle are turned back over the shell and meet
in the middle of the back. The foot is very large and spreading, the
mantle beset with curious little tentacular-like organs and the eyes are
placed on small swellings near the base of the long, cylindrical
tentacles. The color-patterns of the shell vary to a wonderful degree.
The young shell has a thin epidermis, a sharp lip to the aperture and a
more or less prominent spire, the rolled over and toothed lip and
polished surface not being acquired until fully adult. No more beautiful
sight can be imagined than one of these gorgeous animals, as seen
through the clear water, crawling over the sandy bottom or on the branch
of some coral.
Several of the cowries have a curious economic value. Thus, Cypraea
aurantia, the orange cowry, was used as an insignia of royalty by the
chiefs of the Friendly Islands, and for a long time the only specimens
obtainable were those which had been bored and used. The money cowry
(Cypraea moneta) has been used as money by the natives of Western
Africa, and many tons of this small shell were annually imported to
England to be used in barter by the African traders. The shell is of a
yellowish or whitish color, does not exceed an inch in length, and is
very common in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. It is still used as a
medium of barter in parts of Africa, although other things have pretty
generally taken its place.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account