Birds and Nature Vol. 09 No. 4 [April 1901]Various
History
Birds and Nature Vol. 09 No. 4 [April 1901]
Various
Birds -- Periodicals; Natural history -- Periodicals
We have thus far been dealing with snails whose shells were formed in a
spiral coil. Quite a number of mollusks are not protected by such a
shell, its place being taken by a flat, shield-like disk, or several
distinct plates placed side by side. The most familiar of the first is
the limpet or Patella, which is a depressed, conical, oval disk, looking
not unlike a miniature shield. They live on rocks, to which they cling
with great tenacity. The animal seems to have a pretty clear idea of
local geography, for it invariably returns to the same place after its
excursions for food and the rock in some localities has been hollowed
out to a considerable depth by the continuous dwelling thereon of the
limpet. The large foot is very strong and it is almost impossible to
dislodge the shell from the rock when the animal becomes alarmed and is
aware that danger is near. While grazing along the sides of a rock
covered with fine sea-weed, it will leave a track like a worm and will
clean off quite an area in a very short space of time.
Another species is the key-hole limpet (Fissurella), distinguished by
having a slit or foramen in the apex of the shell. The shells of
Fissurella are generally rougher than those of Patella, and as a rule
they live in warmer seas. In the limpet we find a departure from the
general form of both animal and shell, both being bilaterally
symmetrical, that is, having both sides alike. In the mollusks which
have been presented thus far, the body has been twisted in the form of a
spiral, making one side different from the other and causing the organs
of one side to become atrophied. In the limpets the organs are paired,
as they are supposed to have been in the ancestors of the living
mollusks.
The most peculiar of all the mollusks, so peculiar, indeed, that they
constitute a separate order (Polyplacophora) are the Chitons, or
coat-of-mail shells. The shell is made up of eight separate pieces or
plates, each locking with the other, the whole supported by and buried
in a coriaceous mantle which forms a margin all the way around. This
must not be confounded with the true mantle of the animal, for it is
only a part of the shell. It is beset with bristles, spines or hairs,
which add much to the peculiar appearance of this mollusk.
The Chitons live for the most part on rocks at low water and are said to
be nocturnal in habit, feeding only at night. Their movements are slow
and they appear to be very sluggish in all their actions. When detached
and taken from their rocky homes they have the provoking (to the
collector) habit of rolling up and are sometimes very difficult to
straighten out again. There are about two hundred and fifty living
species, found in all parts of the world.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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