Birds and Nature Vol. 11 No. 2 [February 1902]: Illustrated by Color PhotographyVarious
History
Birds and Nature Vol. 11 No. 2 [February 1902]: Illustrated by Color Photography
Various
Birds -- Periodicals; Natural history -- Periodicals
Chrysoprase and Prase are terms applied to an apple green to bright
green chalcedony or compact, jasper-like form of quartz. Some
authorities, however, call the green chalcedony plasma and restrict the
term chrysoprase to the green compact quartz. The terms cannot be
accurately distinguished. Most chrysoprase now in use comes from
localities in the province of Silesia in Germany, where it occurs in
thin layers and veins in serpentine. The green color here is due to
nickel oxide which is present in the stone to the amount sometimes of
one per cent. The first discovery of the stone is said to have been made
by a Prussian officer in 1740. The stone was especially fancied by
Frederick the Great so that he had two tables made of it and used it
frequently in mosaics. The color fades with light and heat, but it is
said can be restored by burying the stone in moist earth for a time.
Beautiful chrysoprase comes from India and there are a few localities in
our own country where it is found, it being usually associated with
nickeliferous deposits. The name chrysoprase comes from two Greek words
meaning golden leek and refers to the color of the stone.
Plasma, as already stated, is a name applied to green chalcedony, or by
some to green jasper. The name comes from the Greek for image and shows
that the stone was largely used for seals and other engraved work. Most
of that known at the present time comes from India and China.
Bloodstone is a variety of plasma containing spots of red jasper looking
like drops of blood. Another name for bloodstone by which it was chiefly
known by the ancients is heliotrope. This name is derived from two Greek
words meaning “sun turning” and refers to the belief that the stone when
immersed in water changes the image of the sun to blood red. The stone
was often used by the ancients for carvings representing the head of
Christ, and one fine specimen of such work may be seen in the Field
Columbian Museum. The ancients had a tradition that the stone originated
at the crucifixion of Christ from drops of blood drawn by the spear
thrust in his side falling on a dark green jasper. The stone takes a
beautiful polish. To be of the best quality it should have a rich dark
green color and the red spots should be small and uniformly distributed.
The supply is obtained almost wholly from India, especially from the
Kathiawar Peninsula west of Cambay, whence agate, carnelian and
chalcedony are also obtained. Fine examples have also come from
Australia and a few from Brazil. In present usage bloodstone is the
“birth stone” of the month of March.
“Who on this world of ours their eyes
In March first open shall be wise,
In days of peril firm and brave
And wear a bloodstone to their grave.”
Agate was described in the June number of this magazine.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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