Birds and Nature, Vol. 12 No. 3 [August 1902]: Illustrated by Color PhotographyVarious
History
Birds and Nature, Vol. 12 No. 3 [August 1902]: Illustrated by Color Photography
Various
Birds -- Periodicals; Natural history -- Periodicals
The whole vine is really more beautiful in the autumn than it is in the
spring, and it surely does more than its part in making our American
woodlands such great expanses of gorgeous coloring in the fall as to
attract the attention and remarks of all visiting foreigners.
Miss J. O. Cochran.
SOME SNAILS OF THE OCEAN.
The Marine snails outnumber all of the other mollusks and their shells
are far more beautiful, those in the tropics having the most gaudy
colors imaginable. The animals are all formed on the same plan although
each family has some peculiarity not shared by its relatives. They are
found in all parts of the world, and in all climates. While the majority
of species live either between tides on near low water, there are not a
few which live in the abysses of the ocean and have been dredged at a
depth of three thousand fathoms, a distance of over three miles. The
average depth at which mollusks are found in any number is about one
thousand fathoms. The variability of marine snails is so great that only
a few typical forms can be mentioned.
The Limpet or Patella is a familiar mollusk to many visitors at the sea
shore. This shell is a depressed, conical, oval disk, looking not unlike
a miniature shield. They live on rocks, to which they tenaciously cling.
Some experiments which were made on the English limpet several years ago
showed that they could sustain a weight of thirty pounds attached to
their shell without being pulled from the rock. The animal seems to have
a pretty clear idea of local geography, for it invariably returns to the
same place after its excursions for food and the rock in some localities
has been hollowed out to a considerable depth by the continuous dwelling
thereon of the limpet. If the surface of the rock is uneven the shell
grows in such a manner as to fit these inequalities. While grazing along
the sides of a rock covered with fine sea weed it will leave a track
like a worm and will clear off quite an area in a very short space of
time. This track is made by the radula, which is very long and is thrust
out and loaded with food which it carries to the mouth. When at rest the
radula is coiled like a watch spring. On the British coast the limpet is
used as an article of food and primitive man not only ate the mollusks
but made a necklace by stringing the shells together. There are several
hundred species of limpet-like shells and they are found in all parts of
the world, especially on rocky shores.
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