Birds Useful and Birds Harmful SHERRATT & HUGHES Publishers to the Victoria University of Manchester Manchester: 34 Cross Street London: 33 Soho Square, W. [Illustration: _See page 203._ THE BEARDED TIT.] BIRDS USEFUL and BIRDS HARMFUL BY OTTO HERMAN _Director of the Royal Hungarian Ornithological Bureau, Budapest_ AND J. A. OWEN _Author of the “Country Month by Month,” etc., and Editor of all signed “A Son of the Marshes.”_ Illustrated by T. Csörgey. MANCHESTER AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1909 CONTENTS PAGE Preface 1 Chapter I. Useful or Harmful 7 Chapter II. The Structure of the Bird 15 Chapter III. Workers on the Ground 25 Barn or White Owl, Tawny or Wood Owl, Long-eared Owl, Short-eared Owl, Little Owl, the Rook, Hooded Crow, Carrion Crow, Raven, Jackdaw, Jay, Magpie, Quail, Black-headed Gull, Starling, Rose Starling, Waxwing. Chapter IV. In the Air and on the Trees 105 Swallow, House Martin, Sand Martin, Swift, Nightjar or Fern Owl, Green Woodpecker, Greater Spotted Woodpecker, Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, Tree-Creeper, Nuthatch, Crossbill. Chapter V. The Farmer’s Summer Friends 139 Wryneck, Cuckoo, Hoopoe, Great Grey Shrike, Lesser Grey Shrike, Red-backed Shrike, Lesser Whitethroat, Blackcap, Nightingale, Redstart, Tree-Pipit, Wagtails, Great Reed Warbler, Willow Wren, Flycatchers, Wheatear, Stonechat, Bearded Reedling or Titmouse, the Titmouse Family. Chapter VI. Workers all the year round 225 House Sparrow, Tree Sparrow, Hedge Sparrow, Skylark, Kingfisher, Dipper, Song Thrush, Blackbird, Oriole, Robin, Wren, Chaffinch, Hawfinch, Bullfinch, Yellow Hammer, Turtle Dove. Chapter VII. Some Wildfowl 283 Lapwing, Common Curlew, Redshank, Green Sandpipers, Herons, Bitterns, Moorhen, Tern, Bean Goose, Wild Duck or Mallard, Pintail Duck, Shoveler, Great Crested Grebe. Chapter VIII. Some of the Falconidæ 333 Golden Eagle, Kite, Red-footed Falcon, Buzzard, Sparrow Hawk, Goshawk, Hobby, Kestrel, Marsh Harrier, Hen Harrier.