Above everything, is it not high time for Americans to discard these laws which are predicated upon the utterly undemocratic basis of governmental distrust of the people? Is it not a matter of deep concern to upstanding American citizens that they should be for over half a century the victims of the discreditable fear that animated a man like Anthony Comstock? Do not Americans trust themselves with knowledge? Are they longer willing to retain the mouldy laws which have stood for such a disgracefully extended period as a sign of distrust of the people? Are they not ready now to share the deep emotion of Walt Whitman who said, “There is to me something profoundly affecting in large masses of men following the lead of those who do not believe in men.” Are they not more than ready to demand that Congress and the State Legislatures shall make all haste in purging the statute books of these old blemishes, so that the pure white light of science may shine unimpeded upon the lives of all? * * * * * “Study, without reflection,” says Confucius, “is waste of time; reflection without study is dangerous.” APPENDICES APPENDIX NO. 1 THE SCOPE OF THE VARIOUS STATE LAWS IS GIVEN IN THE FOLLOWING COMPILATION _The research work was done by Harriette M. Dilla, LL.B., Ph.D., formerly of the Department of Sociology and Economics of Smith College._ Twenty-four States (and Porto Rico) specifically penalize contraceptive knowledge in their obscenity laws. Twenty-four States (and the District of Columbia, Alaska and Hawaii) have obscenity laws, under which, because of the Federal precedent, contraceptive knowledge may be suppressed as obscene, although it is not specifically mentioned. Obscenity has never been defined in law. This produces a mass of conflicting, inconsistent judicial decision, which would be humorous, if it were not such a mortifying revelation of the limitations and perversions of the human mind. Twenty-three States make it a crime to publish or advertise contraceptive information. They are as follows: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Washington, Wyoming; also Porto Rico. Twenty-two States include in their prohibition drugs and instruments for the prevention of conception. They are as follows: Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Washington, Wyoming and Porto Rico. Eleven States make it a crime to have in one’s possession any instruction for contraception. These are: Colorado, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Wyoming.