defeat, could subdue--will be, as long as time shall last, a terrible lesson to ambitious conquerors. They will learn that there is in the fury of an insulted nation a danger which the most exquisite military combinations cannot remove, which the most perfectly served artillery cannot sweep away, before which all the bayonets, and gunpowder, and lines of fortification in the world are useless--and compared with which the science of the commander is pedantry, and strategy but a word. They will discover that something more than mechanical power, however great--something more than the skill of the practised officer, or the instinct of well-trained soldiers, are requisite for success--where every plain is a Marathon, and every valley a Thermopylæ. Would to God that the same reproach urged against the Spanish nation--that they defended their native soil irregularly--that they fought like freemen rather than like soldiers--that they transgressed the rules of war by defending one side of a street while the artillery of the enemy, with its thousand mouths, was pouring death upon them from the other--that they struggled too long, that they surrendered too late, that they died too readily, could have been applied to Poland--one fearful instance of success would have been wanting to encourage the designs of despotism! Some of the rights of war are next considered--that of sacking a town taken by assault, and of blockading a town defended, not by the inhabitants, but by a military garrison--are next examined;--in both these cases the penalty falls upon the innocent. The Homeric description of a town taken by assault, is still applicable to modern warfare:-- [Greek: andras men kteinoysi, polin de te pyr amathynei tekna de t' alloi agoysi, bathyzônoys te gynaikas.] The unhappy fate of Genoa is thus beautifully related--