[Illustration: FIGURE 43.--Fleam made by E. Dalman, London. Note unusual curved shape to blade. (From the original in the Wellcome Museum by courtesy of the Trustees, photo L. 1346.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 44.--Silver spring lancet in case. Case is lined with white silk and rose plush and has a gold leaf border. (NMHT 321687.02; SI photo 76-7752.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 45.--Unusual spring lancet with extra blade, engraved "M.A. Prizzi," 18th century. (NMHT 320033.06; SI photo 76-7763.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 46.--Unusual spring lancet in hand-carved wooden case, 18th century. Note the large blade and blade guard regulated by a screw. (NMHT 321.697.12; SI photo 76-9114.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 47.--George Tiemann & Co.'s spring lancet, late 19th century. (NMHT 163863 [M-5141]; SI photo 73-5644.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 48.--Patent model spring lancet, patented by J.W.W. Gordon in 1857. Back view. (NMHT 89797 [M-4298]; SI photo 73-10319.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 49.--Patent model spring lancet, patented by J.W.W. Gordon in 1857. Front view. (NMHT 89797 [M-4298]; SI photo 73-10318.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 50.--Wet cupping for a headache. (From Frederik Dekkers, _Exercitationes Practicae Circa Medendi Methodum_, Leyden, 1694. Photo courtesy of NLM.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 51.--Dry cupping for sciatica. (From Frederik Dekkers, _Exercitationes Practicae Circa Medendi Methodum_, Leyden, 1694. Photo courtesy of NLM.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 52.--Horn cups used in Egypt in the 16th century. (From Prosper Alphinus, _Medicina Aegyptorum_, Leyden, 1719. Photo courtesy of NLM.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 53.--Horn cup used in the Niger Republic of West Africa in the 1960s. (NMHT 270023 [M-11998]; SI photo 73-5643.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 54.--Replica of a Greek votive tablet found in the remains of the Temple of Aesculapius. Pictured are two metal cups and a set of scalpels. (NMHT 233055 [M-9617]; SI photo 73-4217.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 55.--Egyptian spouted cupping cups, 16th century. (From Prosper Alpinus, _Medicina Aegyptorum_, Leyden, 1719. Photo courtesy of NLM.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 56.--Cupping instruments illustrated by Dionis, 1708: A, cups made of horn; B, lamp for exhausting air; C, fleam for making scarifications; D, horns with holes at the tip for mouth suction; E, balls of wax to close the holes in the horn cups; F, G, glass cups; H, candle to light the tow or the small candles; I, tow; K, small candles on a card which is placed over the scarifications and lit in order to exhaust the cup; L, lancet for making scarifications; M, scarifications; N, plaster to place on the wound. (From Pierre Dionis, _Cours d'operations de chirurgie demontrees au Jardin Royal_, Paris, 1708. Photo courtesy of NLM.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 57.--Teapot lamp, 18th century. (NMHT 199536 [M-6691]; SI photo 73-4218.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 58.--13th-century Arabic cupping scene. (From a manuscript held by the Freer Gallery. SI photo 43757-J.)]