[Illustration: FIGURE 92.--Satire on the theories of Broussais. The caption read, "But, I haven't a drop of blood left in my veins! No matter, another fifty leeches." (Undated print. Photo courtesy of NLM.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 93.--Woman using leeches, 17th century. (From Guillaume van den Bossche, _Historica Medica_, Brussels, 1639. Photo courtesy of NLM.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 94.--Heurteloup's leech. (From George Tiemann & Co., _American Armamentarium Chirurgicum_, New York, 1889. SI photo 76-13541.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 95.--Tiemann & Co.'s patent artificial leech. (From George Tiemann & Co., _American Armamentarium Chirurgicum_, New York, 1889. SI photo 76-13541.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 96.--Reese's uterine leech. (From George Tiemann & Co., _American Armamentarium Chirurgicum_, New York, 1889. SI photo 76-13539.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 97.--Sarlandiere's bdellometer. Fig. 13 and Fig. 14 are a teapot lamp and a glass for measuring the blood taken in cupping. All the other figures illustrate variations on the bdellometer. Fig. 19 and Fig. 20 are attachments for bleeding the internal membranes. (From Sarlandiere, "Ventouse," _Dictionnaire des sciences medicales_, volume 57, 1821. Photo courtesy of NLM.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 98.--An artificial leech. Note the three blades on the scarificator that simulate the triangular puncture of the leech. (NMHT; SI photo 76-9120.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 99.--An 18th-century cutler's illustration of veterinary instruments. Shown are a spring lancet and a fleam. Knives and hooks were often added to the bloodletting blades in foldout fleams. (From Jean Jacques Perret, _L'Art du Coutelier_, Paris, 1772. Photo courtesy of the NLM.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 100.--Fleam with brass shield, 18th-19th century. (NMHT 121573 [M-3462]; SI photo 73-4206.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 101.--Fleam with horn shield, 19th century. (NMHT 321697.05; SI photo 76-7758.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 102.--Phlebotomy knife by Rodgers & Co., London. (Loan no. 316478; SI photo 76-9108.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 103.--Unusual shaped brass spring lancet set by a sliding catch and released by a release lever. (NMHT 321697.11; SI photo 76-7754.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 104.--Brass spring lancet that is set by pulling on the string and released by pushing upon the button. (NMHT 321697.07; SI photo 76-7750.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 105.--Spring lancet. (NMHT 112827; SI photo 73-4235.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 106.--Scarificator, 12 blades. (NMHT 99749 [M-2336]; SI photo 76-7744.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 107.--Temple scarificator with case. (NMHT 233056 [M-9639]; SI photo 76-7745.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 108.--Persian cupping glass, 12th century. (NMHT 207389 [M-6836]; SI photo 73-4205.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 109.--Cupping cups, glass. (NMHT 308730.09; SI photo 74-4087.)] [Illustration: FIGURE 110.--Persian cupping cup and razor. (NMHT 320033.07; SI photo 76-7749.)]