[Footnote 5: Lea: Superstition and Force, Philadelphia, 1892, p. 344.] [Footnote 6: Le Conte: La Cellule, 1900, xvii, p. 291.] [Footnote 7: Bickel and Sasaki: Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift, 1905, xxxi, p. 1829.] [Footnote 8: Bickel: Berliner klinische Wochenschrift, 1906, xliii, p. 845.] [Footnote 9: Oechsler: Internationelle Beiträge zur Pathologie und Therapie der Ernährungstörungen, 1914, v, p. 1.] [Footnote 10: Cannon: The Mechanical Factors of Digestion, London and New York, 1911, p. 200.] [Footnote 11: Cannon and Washburn: American Journal of Physiology, 1912, xxix, p. 441.] [Footnote 12: Cannon: The American Journal of Physiology, 1898, i, p. 38.] [Footnote 13: Cannon: American Journal of Physiology, 1902, vii, p. xxii.] [Footnote 14: Auer: American Journal of Physiology, 1907, xviii, p. 356.] [Footnote 15: Lommel: Münchener medizinische Wochenschrift, 1903, i, p. 1634.] [Footnote 16: Müller: Deutsches Archiv für klinische Medicin, 1907, lxxxix, p. 434.] [Footnote 17: Rosenbach: Berliner klinische Wochenschrift, 1897, xxxiv, p. 71.] [Footnote 18: Wertheimer: Archives de Physiologie, 1892, xxiv, p. 379.] [Footnote 19: Pawlow: _Loc. cit._, p. 56.] [Footnote 20: Mantegazza: Fisiologia del Dolore, Florence, 1880, p. 123.] CHAPTER II THE GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE VISCERAL NERVES CONCERNED IN EMOTIONS The structures of the alimentary canal which are brought into activity during the satisfactions of appetite or are checked in their activity during pain and emotional excitement are either the secreting digestive glands or the smooth muscle which surrounds the canal. Both the gland cells and the smooth-muscle cells differ from other cells which are subject to nervous influence--those of striated, or skeletal, muscle--in not being directly under voluntary control and in being slower in their response. The muscle connected with the skeleton responds to stimulation within two or three thousandths of a second; the delay with gland cells and with smooth muscle is more likely to be measured in seconds than in fractions of a second. The Outlying Neurones