Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear, and rage : $b an account of recent researches into the function of emotional excitementCannon, Walter B. (Walter Bradford)
Science
Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear, and rage : $b an account of recent researches into the function of emotional excitement
Cannon, Walter B. (Walter Bradford)
Emotions; Mental health; Mind and body
Figs. 19 and 20, plotted from the data of two of the experiments,
show the relative heights of the threshold before and after an
injection of adrenin. The close correspondence of the two readings
of the threshold, one from the nerve supplying the muscle, the other
from the muscle directly, served to show that there was no fault
in the electrodes. The continuous line in the Figures represents
the threshold (in units) of the muscle, the broken line that of the
nerve-muscle. The threshold of the nerve-muscle is magnified 100
times in Fig. 19 and 10 times in Fig. 20. In Fig. 19 (at 2 and 4)
the threshold was taken after an intravenous injection of 0.1 and
0.2 cubic centimeter of adrenin respectively.
These examples show that adrenin does not affect the threshold of
the normal non-fatigued muscle when tested either on the muscle
directly or on the nerve-muscle. In Fig. 19 (at 3) the observation
taken after two hours of rest illustrates the constancy of the
threshold under these circumstances.
In Fig. 19 the normal threshold was increased by fatigue (at 5)--the
muscle had been pulling 120 times a minute for one hour on a spring
having an initial tension of 120 grams--from 30.0 to 51.6 units,
an increase of 72 per cent; and in the nerve-muscle from 0.62 to
0.89 units, an increase of 46 per cent. The threshold (at 6) was
taken _five minutes_ after injecting 0.1 cubic centimeter of adrenin
(1:100,000). The threshold of the muscle was lowered from 51.6 to
38.0 units, a recovery of 62 per cent; that of the nerve-muscle
from 0.89 to 0.79 units, a recovery of 37 per cent. After another
injection of 0.5 cubic centimeter of adrenin the thresholds (at
7) were taken; that of the nerve-muscle dropped to normal--0.59
units--a recovery of 100 per cent, and that of the muscle remained
unaltered--26 per cent above its normal threshold.
[Illustration: Figure 19.--A record plotted from the data of
one experiment. The time intervals in hours and minutes are
represented on the abscissa; the values of the threshold in β
units are represented on the ordinate. The continuous line is the
record of the muscle, the broken line that of the nerve-muscle.
The nerve-muscle record is magnified 100 times; that of the muscle
is normal.
(1) Normal threshold stimulus. (2) Threshold five minutes after
an intravenous injection of 0.1 cubic centimeter of adrenin
(1:100,000) without previous fatigue. (3) Threshold after a rest
of two hours. (4) Threshold five minutes after an injection of 0.2
cubic centimeter of adrenin (1:100,000) without previous fatigue.
(5) Threshold after one hour’s fatigue. The muscle contracted
120 times per minute against a spring having an initial tension
of 120 grams. (6) Threshold five minutes after an injection (0.1
cubic centimeter) of adrenin (1:100,000). (7) Threshold five
minutes after another injection of adrenin (0.5 cubic centimeter
of a 1:100,000 solution).]
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