Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear, and rage : $b an account of recent researches into the function of emotional excitementCannon, Walter B. (Walter Bradford)
Science
Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear, and rage : $b an account of recent researches into the function of emotional excitement
Cannon, Walter B. (Walter Bradford)
Emotions; Mental health; Mind and body
The method, at least when used at half-minute intervals, did not
reveal in all instances the same degree of clotting. Usually, when
the process was very rapid, the revealed clot was a thick jelly;
whereas, when the process was slow, a strand of fibrin or at most
a small amount of jelly was found. This difference in the _degree_
of coagulation introduced, of course, an element of inexactness.
In our experiments, however, this inexactness was unfavorable to
the result we were seeking for, i. e., the acceleration of the
process--because the jelly is a later stage than the fibrin strand;
and since we nevertheless obtained good evidence of acceleration, we
did not in these experiments attempt to determine more accurately
differences in the stage of the clotting process.
5. _Cleaning of apparatus._--After the wire was removed from the
tube, the clot attached to its ring-tip was carefully brushed away
under cool running water. Under the running water, also, a trimmed
feather was introduced into the cannula and the tube to push out the
plasticine and to wash out the blood. Wire, cannula and tube were
then dropped into a beaker receiving running hot water (about 80°
C.) and there allowed to remain for about five minutes. On removal
from this the parts were shaken free from water, passed through 95
per cent alcohol and again shaken free, passed through ether and
let dry.
By having a half-dozen cannulas and wires of standard size, it was
possible to save trouble by cleaning a number at one time.
Not infrequently the first few samples of blood taken from an animal
showed rapid or somewhat irregular rates of clotting. Some causes
for these initial variations will be presented in following pages.
The fairly uniform rate of clotting in any individual after the
initial stage, varied in twenty-one different animals from an average
of 3 to an average of 10.6 minutes, with a combined average of 5.9
minutes. The conditions for these variations among the individuals
have not been wholly determined.
The Effects of Subcutaneous Injections of Adrenin
The first observations were of this class.
Oct. 27. A cat weighing about 3 kilos was given 3 cubic centimeters
of adrenin 1:1,000, i. e., 1 milligram per kilo, under the skin. The
animal, in this instance, was kept in uniform ether anesthesia.
Following is a record showing when blood was taken, and the
coagulation time in each instance:
2.56--Injection made
.59--6 minutes
3.07--5.5 “
.13--5 “
.20--6.5 “
---
Average 5.7 minutes
3.27--3.5 minutes
.44--2 “
.55--2.5 “
4.07--3 “
.20--2 “
---
Average 2.6 minutes
4.44--6 minutes
5.00--4.5 “
5.50--5 “
---
Average 5.2 minutes
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