The Lichens were known also as “Stone-Liverworts (_Hepatica_), found with wrinkled, crimpled leaves on the ground or moist sweating rocks, where the sun shines seldom,” according to Dodoens. Among the list of mosses described, I discover that our Round-Leaved Sundew, the little carnivorous plant, was anciently classed as a species of moss, in close relation with the Ground and Club mosses known as _Lycopodium_. But the Sundew, unlike the mosses, produces a stalk with white flowers. The plant was considered strange, because the stronger shone the sun upon the round, reddish leaves, the more moist with drops of dew became the plant; for this reason it was called in Latin, _Ros Solis_, which became in English _Sundew_, in 1578. [Illustration: =An Ancient Pot-Hole, Showing an Erstwhile Revolving Stone, Located on the Granite Ridge, near the Wolf’s Den, Bronx Park, New York City.= “The stones which completed their revolutions perhaps before thoughts began to revolve in the brain of man. The periods of Hindoo and Chinese history, though they reach back to the time when the race of mortals is confounded with the race of gods, are as nothing compared with the periods which these stones have inscribed. That which commenced a rock when time was young, shall conclude a pebble in the unequal contest.”—THOREAU.] The Wall-Rue Fern was thought to resemble the Garden Rue, but is much smaller. Rue-of-the-Wall was common in Germany and England in 1578, and was found upon old moist cathedral walls where the sun did not shine. It was originally called, in apothecary shops, _Capillus-Veneris_, _Adiantum_; and in France _Saluia vita_ and _Ruta-Muraria_. There were two varieties of this fern, designated in Europe as _Venus-Haire_ or _Lumbardie Maiden-Haire_, in 1578. The larger species grew commonly about well-springs, in walls in Italy. It was known as _Capillus-Veneris_,—named by the ancients _Adiantum_. This fern has hairy foot-stalks, small, blackish leaves, snipped around. This species is, no doubt, our Venus-Hair Fern, known to-day as _Adiantum Capillus-Veneris_. The Walking Fern was known to Linnæus by the name of _Asplenium_, species of this genus being used against diseases of the spleen and liver. It was unknown to Dodoens in 1578. The Purple-stemmed Cliff-Brake was originally known as a species of _Pteris_, a name suggested because these ferns resemble the wings of birds. Our native species of Bluebells of New England are emigrants from Europe, and are closely allied with the Bellflowers of Europe. These flowers were likened to cathedral-bells, with a small white clapper hung in the middle. These were, according to Lyte, found in Coventry and Canterbury, England, 1578, opening after “Sunne-rising,” and closing toward “Sunne-set.” Theophrastus knew these flowers centuries before Christ, while Pliny designated them in Latin _Iosione_.