_New England Range_—Without doubt in each State in company with _G. cernua_, of which it appears to be a form. Frequent Mt. Washington, Massachusetts, and swamps about North Adams, September 1st (Grace G. Niles). 4.—GYROSTACHYS CERNUA (Linnæus) Kuntze, 1753-1891 NODDING LADIES’ TRESSES The specific name, _cernua_, refers to cernuous or nodding flowers of this species. Small bogland or damp meadow orchid, with fleshy or tuberous roots. August 25th-September 1st-28th-October. =Flowers= white, fragrant, nodding or spreading, ½ inch long, in three rows; densely flowered raceme, twisted, 4-5 inches long, ½-⅔ inch thick. =Labellum= oblong, apex rounded, crisped. Lateral =sepals= free; upper one arching with =petals=. =Stem= 6-25 inches high. =Leaves= at or near base, linear-oblanceolate, 3-14 inches long, with 2-6 bracts above. _Continental Range_—From the Barren Grounds in latitude 64°-69° North, southward to Florida; westward to Minnesota, Kansas, Indian Territory, Texas, and New Mexico. _New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, common; Vermont, common; Massachusetts, common; Connecticut, very common. [Illustration: =The Nodding Ladies’ Tresses.= (_Gyrostachys cernua._)] 5.—GYROSTACHYS SIMPLEX (A. Gray) Kuntze, 1867-1891[79] LITTLE SIMPLE LADIES’ TRESSES The specific name, _simplex_, refers to the simplicity of this species. Slender sandy soil orchid, with _single_ tuberous root. August-September 9th. =Flowers=, white, small, ¹⁄₁₂ inch long; in slender, twisting, spiked raceme, 1 inch long. =Labellum= obovate-oblong, short-clawed, and crisped at the summit; callosities nipple-shaped. =Stem= simple and slender, 5-9 inches high, with small bracts above basal leaves, glabrous, slightly twisted. =Leaves= 2-3 basal, oblong and short, disappearing at or after flowering season. _Continental Range_—From Massachusetts, southward to Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Tennessee. It appears more frequent near the coast, from Nantucket, Delaware, Staten Island, and throughout New Jersey, in company with _G. gracilis_. _New England Range_—Massachusetts, rare; Rhode Island, rare; Connecticut, infrequent. 6.—GYROSTACHYS GRACILIS (Bigelow) Kuntze, 1824-1891 SLENDER LADIES’ TRESSES The specific name, _gracilis_, refers to the slender and grass-like spike of this species. Small sandy woodland or pasture-land orchid, with several spindle-shaped tuberous roots. April 15th, Florida (Curtiss); May, Alabama; July 25th-September-October 15th, both North and South. =Flowers= white, very fragrant, ⅙-¼ inch long, in a slender spiked raceme, 1-3 inches long, ⅓-½ inch thick, loose, usually much twisted. =Labellum= white on margins, thick and greenish in middle, ⅙ inch long, clawed at the base, crenulate at the apex. =Stem= 8-24 inches high, slender, grass-like. =Leaves= 3 obovate, sometimes nearly orbicular, basal, dying away at or before flowering season.