1.—PERAMIUM REPENS (Linnæus) Salisbury, 1753-1812 SMALL ONE-SIDED GOODYERA—NET-LEAF RATTLESNAKE PLANTAIN The specific name, _repens_, refers to the creeping roots of this species. Small _conifer_, woodland orchid, with fleshy-fibrous roots. July 19th-August 5th-30th. =Flowers= white, on _1-sided_ spike, ⅙-¼ inch long. =Labellum= saccate, recurved, narrowed at apex; column short. =Stem= 5-10 inches high. =Leaves= ovate, basal in a rosette, pointed, yellowish-green, ½-1¼ inch long, ⅓-⅔ inch wide, blotched with white or lighter yellowish-green; several bracts above. This species intergrades with other New England species of _Peramium_, so as to make their designation difficult in many stations. _Continental Range_—From Nova Scotia, possibly Alaska (?), southward to Florida; westward to Minnesota, South Dakota, and Colorado. Ascends 5000 feet altitude in Virginia. _New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, common; Vermont, common; Massachusetts, infrequent; Rhode Island, very rare; Connecticut, rare. 2.—PERAMIUM PUBESCENS (Willdenow) MacMillan, 1805-1892 DOWNY RATTLESNAKE PLANTAIN—CANKER-ROOT The specific name, _pubescens_, refers to the hirsute or downy leaves and scape of this species. Small _conifer_ woodland orchid, with fleshy-fibrous roots. June 15 Virginia (Curtiss); May 8th Wisconsin; July 4th-September, New England. =Flowers= greenish-white, in densely-flowered (_not 1-sided_) spike. =Labellum= saccate, apex recurved, obtuse. Lateral sepals ovate; =petals= and upper sepal arching in an ovate galea. =Stem= 6-20 inches high, clothed with hairs, much more hirsute, or downy, than _P. repens_. =Leaves= basal, in a rosette, 1-2 inches long, strongly blotched with greenish-white, 5-10 scales above. The Creeping Goodyera (_P. repens_) intergrades with this species and causes confusion in designation. _P. pubescens_ spikes are _not 1-sided_, the rosette of leaves are of a bluer velvety green, blotched with a purer white network, while _P. repens_ rosette of leaves is dull yellowish-green. _Continental Range_—From Ontario, Newfoundland, southward to Florida; westward to Minnesota. Ascends 4000 feet altitude in North Carolina. _New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, common; Vermont, common; Massachusetts, frequent; Rhode Island, rare; Connecticut, common. [Illustration: =The Haunts of the Rattlesnake Plantain, amid the Pines and Spruces of the Domelet, Pownal, Vermont.=] 3.—PERAMIUM MENZIESII (Lindley) Morong, 1840-1894[83] MENZIES’ RATTLESNAKE PLANTAIN The specific name, _Menziesii_, refers to the dedication of this species, in honor of the explorer and botanist Menzies. Small _conifer_ woodland orchid, with fibrous-fleshy roots. June-July 21st-August 20th-September 15th.