=Flowers= greenish-white, spike _not 1-sided_. =Labellum= scarcely saccate, swollen at base, apex narrower, and recurved. =Anther= ovate, pointed; the buds, flowers, and leaves are all conspicuously acute. =Stem= 8-15 inches high. =Leaves= basal in rosette, bracts above, often without blotches of white; resembling _P. pubescens_ very much, although the basal leaves are stiffer and acute at apex and base. The _Peramiums_ intergrade with each other, confusing their specific characters. _Continental Range_—From Loring, Chilcat, southeast coast of Alaska, southward to Lake Huron, Quebec, Maine, Vermont(?), and New York; westward to Arizona and California. Ascends 9500 feet altitude in Arizona. _New England Range_—Maine, rare; New Hampshire, rare; Vermont, doubtfully reported; Massachusetts, doubtfully reported. 4.—PERAMIUM OPHIOIDES (Fernald) Rydberg, 1899-1901 WHITE-BLOTCHED RATTLESNAKE PLANTAIN The specific name, _ophioides_, comes from _ophis_, a serpent, and _oides_, like, referring to the blotched leaves resembling a snake’s skin. Small cold mossy woodland orchid with thick fleshy-fibrous roots. July-September. =Flowers= greenish-white; galea concave with a short, strongly recurved tip. =Labellum= deeply saccate, with recurved margins and tip. =Anther= blunt. =Scape= 4-8 inches high, glandular-pubescent. =Leaves= basal in rosette, several; leaf-blade broadly ovate, dark green, usually with the white blotches most conspicuous along the cross-veins. Spike of flowers _1-sided_, loosely arranged. A variety of _P. repens_, with which it is confused. _Continental Range_—From Prince Edward Island to Manitoba, southward to North Carolina, in company with _P. repens_ and _P. pubescens_. _New England Range_—Vermont, frequent; Massachusetts, common. IX Achroanthes Rafinesque, 1808 (_Microstylis_ Nuttall, 1818) ADDER’S-MOUTH The generic name, _Achroanthes_, refers to the green flowers of this genus. Small orchids with solid bulbs. =Anther=, 1. =Labellum= cordate, or eared, at the base, embracing the column. =Sepals= free; petals linear, spreading. =Flowers= minute white or greenish, in a terminal raceme. =Anther= erect between the auricles, 2-celled. =Pollinia=, 4, 2 in each anther-sac, smooth and waxy, without caudicles or glands, and cohering at summit. =Stem=, 4-10 inches high. =Leaf= 1, with several scales at base of stem. =Seed-capsule= oval, or globose. _Continental Range_—From Alaska, southward to Florida; westward to Nebraska and Arizona, where a species seeks 9500 feet elevation on Mount Graham. There are 70-80 species reported in the temperate and tropical regions of the world. North American species north of Mexico 7 New England species 2 Hoosac Valley species 2 New England species: 1. _A. monophylla_ (Linnæus) Green, 1753-1891. 2. _A. unifolia_ (Michaux) Rafinesque, 1803-1808. 1.—ACHROANTHES MONOPHYLLA (Linnæus) Green, 1753-1891 WHITE ADDER’S-MOUTH